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Foreword by Mikko Hypponen

A couple of months ago, I met up with an old friend who I hadn’t

seen since high school. We went for a cup of coffee to catch up on what

each of us had been doing for the past decades. He told me about his work

of distributing and supporting various tyypes of modern medical devices, and

I explained how I’ve spent the last twentyy-five yyears working with Internet

securityy and privacyy. Myy friend let out a chuckle when I mentioned online

privacyy. “That sounds all fine and dandyy,” he said, “but I’m not reallyy

worried. After all, I’m not a criminal, and I’m not doing anyything bad. I

don’t care if somebodyy looks at what I’m doing online.”

Listening to myy old friend, and his explanation on whyy privacyy does not

matter to him, I was saddened. I was saddened because I’ve heard these

arguments before, manyy times. I hear them from people who think theyy

have nothing to hide. I hear them from people who think onlyy criminals

need to protect themselves. I hear them from people who think onlyy

terrorists use encryyption. I hear them from people who think we don’t need

to protect our rights. But we do need to protect our rights. And privacyy does

not just affect our rights, it is a human right. In fact, privacyy is recognized

as a fundamental human right in the 1948 United Nations Universal

Declaration of Human Rights.

If our privacyy needed protection in 1948, it surelyy needs it much more

todayy. After all, we are the first generation in human historyy that can be

monitored at such a precise level. We can be monitored digitallyy throughout

our lives. Almost all of our communications can be seen one wayy or

another. We even carryy small tracking devices on us all the time—we just

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