El uso de Sistemas de Información Geográfica - CDIA-EC ...

El uso de Sistemas de Información Geografica y Sensores Remotos (SR) en Salud Pública
Bogotá, Colombia, 27 al 30 de Marzo de 2006
surveys have shown family and professional clusters of chronic Chagas disease.
There is evidence of adaptation or pre-adaptation of triatomines: Rhodnius prolixus
in Colombia and Venezuela, Panstrongylus geniculatus isolated foci in Brazil,
Panstrongylus herreri increasingly adapted to houses in Peru, Triatoma maculata in
Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela, and Triatoma rubrofasciata in port areas (Dias et
al 2002). A surveillance system to evaluate the “state of art” and proposal
measures to control and to avoid dispersion of Chagas disease in the Amazon
region are urgently needed. We know very little about Chagas disease in the Pan-
Amazon world. Our current knowledge is fragmentary and incomplete.
In the Brazilian Amazon at least 16 species of triatomines 10 of them infected with
T. cruzi have been described: 1) Belminus herreri, 2) Cavernicola lenti, 3)
Cavernicola pilosa, 4) Eratyrus mucronatus (+), 5) Microtriatoma trinidadensis (+),
6) Panstrongylus geniculatus (+), 7) Panstrongylus lignarius (+), 8) Panstrongylus
rufoturberculatus (+), 9) Rhodnius brethesi (+), 10) Rhodnius nasutus, 11)
Rhodnius neglectus (+), 12) Rhodnius paraensis (+), 13) Rhodnius pictipes (+), 14)
Rhodnius robustus (+), 15) Triatoma maculata, 16) Triatoma rubrofasciata
(Junqueira et al 2005).
The studies of our group in the district of Barcelos, Amazon State, in Brazil, have
confirmed in three conglomerate family samples seroepidemiological surveys, 2.8
to 5.0% of T. cruzi infection. During the last survey 62.0% of the population
recognized Rhodnius brethesi as the local vector and there was a positive
correlation between seroposivity for T. cruzi infection with people bitten by this bug
(Coura et al 2002b).
A serological and parasitological study of people heavily exposed to triatomine
bites in the district of Barcelos, Amazon State, in Brazil showed 11.0% of
seropositives for T. cruzi infection, 19.5% of them had positive xenodiagnosis and
PCR results for this parasite. The T. cruzi circulating in the area are Z1 (T. cruzi I),
Z3 and one hybrid Z3/Z1. No T. cruzi II (domestic) was detected. In this area we
described three typical cases of chronic Chagas cardiomyopaty and two other fatal
cases of dilated Chagas disease cardiomyopathy.
32