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Eficacia de los bifosfonatos en la espondilitis anquilosante

Eficacia de los bifosfonatos en la espondilitis anquilosante

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<strong>Eficacia</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>los</strong> <strong>bifosfonatos</strong> <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>espondilitis</strong><br />

anqui<strong>los</strong>ante<br />

Se realizó una revisión sistemática para evaluar <strong>la</strong> eficacia <strong>de</strong> <strong>los</strong> <strong>bifosfonatos</strong> (<strong>en</strong> concreto<br />

pamidronato) <strong>en</strong> el tratami<strong>en</strong>to <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>espondilitis</strong> anqui<strong>los</strong>ante (EA).<br />

Criterios <strong>de</strong> selección <strong>de</strong> estudios:<br />

Se seleccionaron únicam<strong>en</strong>te <strong>en</strong>sayos clínicos, con cualquier grado <strong>de</strong> calidad, <strong>en</strong> <strong>los</strong> que, al<br />

m<strong>en</strong>os un grupo, estuviera formado por paci<strong>en</strong>tes con <strong>espondilitis</strong> anqui<strong>los</strong>ante (EA) y <strong>en</strong> <strong>los</strong><br />

que se midiera el efecto <strong>de</strong>l tratami<strong>en</strong>to sobre <strong>los</strong> síntomas axiales o el daño estructural.<br />

Estrategia <strong>de</strong> búsqueda:<br />

Para esta revisión se han revisado, hasta octubre <strong>de</strong> 2008, <strong>la</strong>s sigui<strong>en</strong>tes bases <strong>de</strong> datos<br />

bibliográficas (ver el anexo <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> estrategia <strong>de</strong> búsqueda al final <strong>de</strong>l docum<strong>en</strong>to):<br />

‐ Medline<br />

‐ Embase<br />

‐ Cochrane C<strong>en</strong>tral<br />

Resultados:<br />

Se <strong>en</strong>contraron 95 títu<strong>los</strong>, que se redujeron a 82 tras eliminar <strong>los</strong> duplicados y, <strong>de</strong> <strong>los</strong> cuales,<br />

62 fueron excluidos tras <strong>la</strong> lectura <strong>de</strong>l título y 15 tras <strong>la</strong> lectura por abstract. El número final <strong>de</strong><br />

estudios incluidos <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> revisión fue <strong>de</strong> 5. Tras <strong>la</strong> lectura completa, uno <strong>de</strong> <strong>los</strong> artícu<strong>los</strong> se<br />

excluyó por tratarse <strong>de</strong> un estudio abierto y otro por tratarse <strong>de</strong> un subanálisis no re<strong>la</strong>cionado<br />

con eficacia <strong>de</strong>l <strong>en</strong>sayo clínico incluido.<br />

Diagrama <strong>de</strong> flujo:


EMBASE<br />

(38 artícu<strong>los</strong>)<br />

Los 3 estudios incluidos finalm<strong>en</strong>te aparec<strong>en</strong> <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> tab<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong> evi<strong>de</strong>ncia.<br />

‐ El primero es un estudio randomizado doble ciego <strong>en</strong> el que se comparan 2 dosis <strong>de</strong><br />

pamidronato (10 y 60 mg). Los autores se basan <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> necesidad <strong>de</strong> administrar el fármaco<br />

aunque sea a una dosis mínima para mant<strong>en</strong>er el ciego <strong>de</strong>bido a <strong>la</strong> frecu<strong>en</strong>cia <strong>de</strong> reacciones<br />

posteriores a <strong>la</strong> infusión.<br />

‐ El segundo es una revisión sistemática que nos sirve para asegurarnos <strong>de</strong> que no hemos<br />

<strong>de</strong>jado ningún estudio fuera <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> nuestra.<br />

‐ El tercero son <strong>la</strong>s recom<strong>en</strong>daciones <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> iniciativa 3E basadas <strong>en</strong> evi<strong>de</strong>ncia, y <strong>en</strong> él se incluye<br />

el primer estudio <strong>de</strong> nuestra tab<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong> evi<strong>de</strong>ncia y otros cinco no incluidos <strong>en</strong> nuestra búsqueda<br />

pero que son estudios no contro<strong>la</strong>dos.<br />

Artícu<strong>los</strong> incluidos<br />

Medline<br />

(56 artícu<strong>los</strong>)<br />

95 artícu<strong>los</strong><br />

82 artícu<strong>los</strong><br />

20 artícu<strong>los</strong><br />

5 artícu<strong>los</strong><br />

3 artícu<strong>los</strong> incluidos<br />

Duplicados<br />

Cochrane<br />

(1 artículo)<br />

Lectura <strong>de</strong> títu<strong>los</strong><br />

Lectura <strong>de</strong> resúm<strong>en</strong>es<br />

Excluidos<br />

1. Maksymowych WP, Jhangri GS et al.<br />

A six‐month randomized, controlled, double‐blind, dose‐response comparison of<br />

intrav<strong>en</strong>ous pamidronate (60 mg versus 10 mg) in the treatm<strong>en</strong>t of nonsteroidal<br />

antiinf<strong>la</strong>mmatory drug‐refractory anky<strong>los</strong>ing spondylitis.<br />

Arthritis Rheum 2002;46(3):766‐73.<br />

2. Bou<strong>los</strong> P, Dougados M et al.<br />

Pharmacological treatm<strong>en</strong>t of anky<strong>los</strong>ing spondylitis: a systematic review.<br />

Drugs 2005;65(15): 2111‐27.<br />

3. Sidiropou<strong>los</strong> PI, Hatemi G et al.<br />

Evi<strong>de</strong>nce‐based recomm<strong>en</strong>dations for the managem<strong>en</strong>t of anky<strong>los</strong>ing spondylitis:


Systematic literature search of the 3E Initiative in Rheumatology involving a broad panel of<br />

experts and practising rheumatologists.<br />

Rheumatology 2008;47(3): 355‐361.<br />

Artícu<strong>los</strong> excluidos<br />

Artículo Motivo <strong>de</strong> exclusión<br />

1. Haibel H, Brandt J et al.<br />

Estudio abierto<br />

Treatm<strong>en</strong>t of active anky<strong>los</strong>ing spondylitis with<br />

pamidronate.<br />

Rheumatology 2003;42(8):1018‐1020.<br />

2. Jauregui E, Conner‐Spady B et al.<br />

Estudio <strong>de</strong> validación <strong>de</strong>l<br />

Clinimetric evaluation of the bath anky<strong>los</strong>ing spondylitis BASMI.<br />

metrology in<strong>de</strong>x in a controlled trial of pamidronate therapy. ‐ Los resultados <strong>de</strong><br />

J Rheumatol 2004;31(12): 2422‐8.<br />

eficacia están analizados<br />

<strong>en</strong> el estudio <strong>de</strong><br />

Maksymowych 2002


Tab<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong> evi<strong>de</strong>ncia:<br />

Estudio Participantes, interv<strong>en</strong>ción y resultados Conclusiones<br />

Maksymowych 2002, <strong>en</strong>sayo clínico<br />

randomizado doble ciego <strong>de</strong> 6 meses<br />

Jadad 5.<br />

‐ n = 84 (scre<strong>en</strong>ing:99; randomizados: 84; 8 no criterios; 6 no CI; 1 retira CI)<br />

‐ Criterios <strong>de</strong> inclusión: EA (criterios <strong>de</strong> Nueva York) + BASDAI > 40 o rigi<strong>de</strong>z matutina > 45’ + Fallo a un AINE<br />

‐ Se permit<strong>en</strong> FAME (SZP y MTX)<br />

‐ Interv<strong>en</strong>ción: Pamidronato 10 o 60 mg / mes x 6 m<br />

‐ Des<strong>en</strong><strong>la</strong>ces:<br />

‐ Primario: BASDAI<br />

‐ Secundarios: BASFI, BASGI, BASMI, VSG, PCR, % <strong>de</strong> paci<strong>en</strong>tes que ↓ cada parámetro ≥ 25 %.<br />

‐ Resultados:<br />

‐ Difer<strong>en</strong>cias estadísticam<strong>en</strong>te significativas <strong>en</strong>tre dosis <strong>en</strong>: ↓ BASDAI (2,22 vs 0,93), % paci<strong>en</strong>tes que ↓<br />

BASDAI ≥ 25 % (63,4 vs 30,2) y ≥ 50 % (39 vs 16,3), ↓ dolor axial (2,58 vs 1,01), ↓ RM (3,01 vs 1,38), ↓ BASFI<br />

1,69 vs 0,15) y % paci<strong>en</strong>tes con ↓ BASFI ≥ 25 %, ↓ BASGI y ↓ BASMI.<br />

‐ Difer<strong>en</strong>cia no estadísticam<strong>en</strong>te significativa <strong>en</strong> ↓ recu<strong>en</strong>to NAI, VSG y PCR.<br />

‐ Efectos adversos:<br />

Artralgias y mialgias tras <strong>la</strong> infusión sin difer<strong>en</strong>cias estadísticam<strong>en</strong>te significativas <strong>en</strong>tre grupos.<br />

Bou<strong>los</strong> 2005, revision sistemática ‐ Incluy<strong>en</strong>:<br />

‐ Medline <strong>de</strong> 1966 a 2005.<br />

‐ Resúm<strong>en</strong>es ACR 2001‐2004.<br />

‐ Criterio <strong>de</strong> inclusión: <strong>en</strong>sayos clínicos contro<strong>la</strong>dos y randomizados.<br />

‐ En el caso <strong>de</strong> pamidronato sólo <strong>en</strong>cu<strong>en</strong>tran tres estudios:<br />

‐ Maksymowych, Artritis Rheum 2002.<br />

‐ Maksymowych, Artritis 2001;44(9Suppl):s159.<br />

‐ Jauregui, J Rheumatol 2004.<br />

Sidiropou<strong>los</strong> 2008<br />

‐ Recom<strong>en</strong>daciones basadas <strong>en</strong> evi<strong>de</strong>ncia.<br />

‐ Un estudio contro<strong>la</strong>do y cinco no contro<strong>la</strong>dos.<br />

‐ Resultados:<br />

‐ Efecto terapéutico dosis <strong>de</strong>p<strong>en</strong>di<strong>en</strong>te <strong>de</strong><br />

pamidronato <strong>en</strong> EA<br />

‐ Alternativa razonable <strong>en</strong> EA resist<strong>en</strong>tes a AINE.<br />

‐ Dos <strong>de</strong> <strong>los</strong> estudios incluidos, también lo han sido por<br />

nosotros.<br />

‐ El tercero es un resum<strong>en</strong> <strong>de</strong>l primero <strong>de</strong> el<strong>los</strong>.<br />

El estudio contro<strong>la</strong>do es el incluido por nosotros.<br />

Efecto mo<strong>de</strong>sto


Conclusiones:<br />

Los <strong>bifosfonatos</strong> podrían ser eficaces <strong>en</strong> el control sintomático <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> EA, con un grado <strong>de</strong><br />

recom<strong>en</strong>dación A y un nivel <strong>de</strong> evi<strong>de</strong>ncia 1b. Sin embargo, el efecto es mo<strong>de</strong>sto y esta<br />

recom<strong>en</strong>dación está basada <strong>en</strong> un único estudio aunque <strong>de</strong> excel<strong>en</strong>te calidad.


ANEXO (estrategia <strong>de</strong> búsqueda para <strong>bifosfonatos</strong>)<br />

PubMed<br />

(("Diphosphonates"[Mesh] OR Bisphosphonates OR Organophosphorus Compounds OR<br />

Phosphonic Acids AND (hasabstract[text] AND (Humans[Mesh]) AND (English[<strong>la</strong>ng] OR<br />

Fr<strong>en</strong>ch[<strong>la</strong>ng] OR Spanish[<strong>la</strong>ng]) AND (Clinical Trial[ptyp] OR Meta‐Analysis[ptyp] OR Practice<br />

Gui<strong>de</strong>line[ptyp] OR Randomized Controlled Trial[ptyp] OR Clinical Trial, Phase I[ptyp] OR<br />

Clinical Trial, Phase II[ptyp] OR Clinical Trial, Phase III[ptyp] OR Clinical Trial, Phase IV[ptyp] OR<br />

Comparative Study[ptyp] OR Gui<strong>de</strong>line[ptyp] OR Journal Article[ptyp] OR Multic<strong>en</strong>ter<br />

Study[ptyp] OR Validation Studies[ptyp])))) AND (("Spondylitis, Anky<strong>los</strong>ing"[Mesh] OR<br />

Anky<strong>los</strong>ing Spondylitis Bechterew Disease OR Marie‐Struempell Disease OR Marie Struempell<br />

Disease OR Spondy<strong>la</strong>rthritis Ankylopoietica OR Rheumatoid Spondylitis OR Spondylitis,<br />

Rheumatoid OR Bechterew's Disease OR Bechterews Disease OR Anky<strong>los</strong>ing Spondylitis pre<br />

radiological)) AND (hasabstract[text] AND (Humans[Mesh]) AND (English[<strong>la</strong>ng] OR Fr<strong>en</strong>ch[<strong>la</strong>ng]<br />

OR Spanish[<strong>la</strong>ng]) AND (Clinical Trial[ptyp] OR Meta‐Analysis[ptyp] OR Practice Gui<strong>de</strong>line[ptyp]<br />

OR Randomized Controlled Trial[ptyp] OR Clinical Trial, Phase I[ptyp] OR Clinical Trial, Phase<br />

II[ptyp] OR Clinical Trial, Phase III[ptyp] OR Clinical Trial, Phase IV[ptyp] OR Comparative<br />

Study[ptyp] OR Gui<strong>de</strong>line[ptyp] OR Journal Article[ptyp] OR Multic<strong>en</strong>ter Study[ptyp] OR<br />

Validation Studies[ptyp]))<br />

Embase y Cochrane<br />

1. Psoriatic Arthritis.mp. or Psoriatic Arthritis/<br />

2. (Psoriatic Arthritis or Psoriasis, Arthritic or Arthritic Psoriasis or Psoriasis Arthropathica or<br />

Arthritis or Psoriasis).af.<br />

3. (Alibert Bazin Disease or Arthritis,Psoriasis or Arthritis, Psoriatic or Arthritis,Psoriatic or<br />

Arthritis Psoriatica or Arthropathic Psoriasis or Arthropathy,Psoriatic or Disease,Alibert Bazin<br />

or Polyarthritis,Psoriatic or Psoriasis,Arthritis or Psoriasis Arthropathica or Psoriasis Pustu<strong>los</strong>a<br />

or Arthropathica or Psoriatic Arthropathy or Psoriatic Polyarthritis or Psoriatic Rheumatism or<br />

Psoriatic or Rheumatoid Arthritis or Rheumatoid Arthritis,Psoriatic).af.<br />

4. 3 or 2 or 1<br />

5. Spondyloarthropathy/<br />

6. (Arthropathy, Spondylo or Spondy<strong>la</strong>rthropathies or Spondy<strong>la</strong>rthropathy).af.<br />

7. (spondy<strong>la</strong>rthropathy or spondy<strong>la</strong>rthropathies undiffer<strong>en</strong>tiated or arthritis, psoriatic or<br />

arthritis, reactive or spondylitis, anky<strong>los</strong>ing or spondy<strong>la</strong>rthropathies undiffer<strong>en</strong>tiated<br />

onset).af.<br />

8. 5 or 6 or 7<br />

9. Anky<strong>los</strong>ing Spondylitis/<br />

10. (Anky<strong>los</strong>ing Spondylitis or Bechterew Disease or Marie‐Struempell Disease or Marie<br />

Struempell Disease or Spondy<strong>la</strong>rthritis Ankylopoietica or Rheumatoid Spondylitis or<br />

Spondylitis, Rheumatoid or Bechterew's Disease or Bechterews Disease or Anky<strong>los</strong>ing<br />

Spondylitis pre radiological).af.<br />

11. (Anky<strong>la</strong>ting Spondylitis or Ankylopoietic Spondy<strong>la</strong>rthritis or Ankylopoietic Spondylitis or<br />

Anky<strong>los</strong>ing Spine or Anky<strong>los</strong>ing Spondilitis or Anky<strong>los</strong>ing Spondy<strong>la</strong>rthritis or Anky<strong>los</strong>ing<br />

Spondy<strong>la</strong>rthrosis or Anky<strong>los</strong>is Spondylitis or Ankylotic Spondylitis or Bechterew Disease or<br />

Bekhterev Disease or Morbus BechterewOR Spinal Anky<strong>los</strong>is or Spine Anky<strong>los</strong>is or<br />

Spondy<strong>la</strong>rthritis Ankylopoietica or Spondy<strong>la</strong>rthritis Anky<strong>los</strong>ans or Spondy<strong>la</strong>rthrosis


Ankylopoietica or Spondylitis Ankylopoetica or Spondylitis Ankylopoietica or Spondylitis,<br />

Anky<strong>los</strong>ing or Spondyloarthritis Ankylopoietica or Vertebral Anky<strong>los</strong>is).af.<br />

12. 9 or 11 or 10<br />

13. (Comparative Study or Controlled study or Clinical study or Case Control Study or Clinical<br />

trial or Controlled Clinical Trial or Randomized Controlled Trial or Meta‐Analysis or Practice<br />

Gui<strong>de</strong>line or Comparative Study or Controlled Clinical Trial or Multic<strong>en</strong>ter Study).mp.<br />

[mp=title, abstract, subject headings, heading word, drug tra<strong>de</strong> name, original title, <strong>de</strong>vice<br />

manufacturer, drug manufacturer name]<br />

14. DRUG EFFICACY.mp. or Drug Efficacy/<br />

15. (Drug Effectiv<strong>en</strong>ess or Drug Effectivity or Drug Effici<strong>en</strong>cy).mp. [mp=title, abstract, subject<br />

headings, heading word, drug tra<strong>de</strong> name, original title, <strong>de</strong>vice manufacturer, drug<br />

manufacturer name]<br />

16. Treatm<strong>en</strong>t Outcome.mp. or Treatm<strong>en</strong>t Outcome/<br />

17. Treatm<strong>en</strong>t Outcome.mp. or Treatm<strong>en</strong>t Outcome/<br />

18. (((Outcome Treatm<strong>en</strong>t or Rehabilitation Outcome or Outcome Rehabilitation or Treatm<strong>en</strong>t<br />

Effectiv<strong>en</strong>ess or Effectiv<strong>en</strong>ess Treatm<strong>en</strong>t or Treatm<strong>en</strong>t Efficacy or Efficacy Treatm<strong>en</strong>t or<br />

Medical Futility or Outcome) and Process Assessm<strong>en</strong>t) or Outcome Managem<strong>en</strong>t or Therapy<br />

Outcome).mp. [mp=title, abstract, subject headings, heading word, drug tra<strong>de</strong> name, original<br />

title, <strong>de</strong>vice manufacturer, drug manufacturer name]<br />

19. 15 or 18 or 16 or 14 or 17<br />

20. (Comparative Study or Controlled study or Clinical study or Case Control Study or Clinical<br />

trial or Controlled Clinical Trial or Randomized Controlled Trial or Meta‐Analysis or Practice<br />

Gui<strong>de</strong>line or Comparative Study or Controlled Clinical Trial or Multic<strong>en</strong>ter Study).mp.<br />

[mp=title, abstract, subject headings, heading word, drug tra<strong>de</strong> name, original title, <strong>de</strong>vice<br />

manufacturer, drug manufacturer name]<br />

21. Thalidomi<strong>de</strong>/<br />

22. (Thalomid or Celg<strong>en</strong>e Brand of Thalidomi<strong>de</strong> or Sedoval).mp. [mp=title, abstract, subject<br />

headings, heading word, drug tra<strong>de</strong> name, original title, <strong>de</strong>vice manufacturer, drug<br />

manufacturer name]<br />

23. (Thalomid or Celg<strong>en</strong>e Brand of Thalidomi<strong>de</strong> or Sedoval).af.<br />

24. 22 or 21 or 23<br />

25. Diphosphonates.mp. or Bisphosphonic Acid Derivative/<br />

26. Bisphosphonates OR Organophosphorus Compounds OR Phosphonic Acids<br />

27. Biphosphonate OR Biphosphonates OR Bisphosphonate OR Bisphosphonate OR Derivative<br />

OR Bisphosphonates OR Diphosphonate Derivative OR Diphosphonates OR Diphosphonate<br />

Series OR Diphosphonic Acid Derivative OR Bisphosphonates OR Organophosphorus<br />

Compounds OR Phosphonic Acids<br />

28. 27 or 25 or 26<br />

29. Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein.mp. or Interleukin 1 Receptor Blocking Ag<strong>en</strong>t/<br />

30. Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein.af.<br />

31. (Urine‐Derived IL1 Inhibitor or IL1 Inhibitor, Urine‐Derived or Urine Derived IL1 Inhibitor or<br />

IL1 Febrile Inhibitor or Febrile Inhibitor IL1 or Interleukin 1 Inhibitor Urine or IL‐1 Inhibitor


Urine or IL 1 Inhibitor Urine or Urine IL‐1 Inhibitor or IL‐1Ra or Antril or Synerg<strong>en</strong> Brand of<br />

Anakinra or Anakinra Synerg<strong>en</strong> Brand or Kineret or Amg<strong>en</strong> Brand of Anakinra or Anakinra<br />

Amg<strong>en</strong> Brand or Anakinra or Amtril or l 1ra or Interleukin 1 Antagonist or Interleukin 1ra or<br />

Interleukin 1 or Receptor Antagonist or Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein).mp.<br />

[mp=title, abstract, subject headings, heading word, drug tra<strong>de</strong> name, original title, <strong>de</strong>vice<br />

manufacturer, drug manufacturer name]<br />

32. 30 or 31 or 29<br />

33. abatacept.mp. or ABATACEPT/<br />

34. (abatacept or be<strong>la</strong>tacept or LEA29Y or BMS‐224818 or BMS‐224818 or ct<strong>la</strong>‐4‐ig cytotoxic t<br />

lymphocyte associated antig<strong>en</strong> 4‐ ig or or<strong>en</strong>cia orbis 188667 or orbms‐188667 or Bms 188667<br />

or Bms188667 or Ct<strong>la</strong>4 Ig or Ct<strong>la</strong>4ig or Ct<strong>la</strong>4 Immunoglobulin or Ct<strong>la</strong>4 Immunoglobulin G or<br />

Or<strong>en</strong>cia).mp. [mp=title, abstract, subject headings, heading word, drug tra<strong>de</strong> name, original<br />

title, <strong>de</strong>vice manufacturer, drug manufacturer name]<br />

35. abatacept.af.<br />

36. 35 or 33 or 34<br />

37. Cyclophosphami<strong>de</strong>.af.<br />

38. CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE DERIVATIVE/ or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE/ or Cyclophosphami<strong>de</strong>.mp.<br />

39. cyclophosphan OR cyclophosphane OR procyon OR s<strong>en</strong>doxan OR neosar OR<br />

cyclophosphami<strong>de</strong> isomer OR cyclophosphami<strong>de</strong> AND isomer of cyclophosphami<strong>de</strong> AND (S)<br />

AND isomer OR cytoxan OR <strong>en</strong>doxan OR cyclophosphami<strong>de</strong> monohydrate OR monohydrate<br />

cyclophosphami<strong>de</strong><br />

40. 38 or 39 or 37<br />

41. Cholrambucil.mp. or Chlorambucil/<br />

42. (Cholrambucil or Chlorambucil).af.<br />

43. ((n, n di and 2‐chloroethyl and p aminoph<strong>en</strong>ylbutyric acid chlorbutin or4‐ and (Bis and 2‐<br />

chloroethyl and amino)) or g<strong>la</strong>xosmithkline brand of chlorambucil or wellcome brand of<br />

chlorambucil or lympholysis or amboclorin or antineop<strong>la</strong>stic ag<strong>en</strong>ts alky<strong>la</strong>ting).mp. [mp=title,<br />

abstract, subject headings, heading word, drug tra<strong>de</strong> name, original title, <strong>de</strong>vice manufacturer,<br />

drug manufacturer name]<br />

44. 42 or 43 or 41<br />

45. 4 and 24 and 19<br />

46. limit 45 to (human and (<strong>en</strong>glish or fr<strong>en</strong>ch or spanish))<br />

47. 46 and 13 talidomia_eficacia_artritispsoriásica<br />

48. 8 and 24 and 19<br />

49. limit 48 to (human and (<strong>en</strong>glish or fr<strong>en</strong>ch or spanish))<br />

50. 49 and 13 talidomia_eficacia_espondiloartropatías<br />

51. 24 and 19 and 12<br />

52. 51 and 13<br />

53. limit 52 to (human and (<strong>en</strong>glish or fr<strong>en</strong>ch or spanish))<br />

talidomia_eficacia_<strong>espondilitis</strong>anki<strong>los</strong>ante<br />

54. 4 and 28 and 19


55. 54 and 20<br />

56. limit 55 to (human and (<strong>en</strong>glish or fr<strong>en</strong>ch or spanish))<br />

<strong>bifosfonatos</strong>_eficacia_artritispsoriásica<br />

57. 8 and 28 and 19<br />

58. 57 and 20<br />

59. limit 58 to (human and (<strong>en</strong>glish or fr<strong>en</strong>ch or spanish))<br />

<strong>bifosfonatos</strong>_eficacia_espondiloartropatías<br />

60. 28 and 19 and 12<br />

61. 60 and 20<br />

62. limit 61 to (human and (<strong>en</strong>glish or fr<strong>en</strong>ch or spanish))<br />

<strong>bifosfonatos</strong>_eficacia_<strong>espondilitis</strong>anki<strong>los</strong>abte<br />

63. 32 and 4 and 19<br />

64. 63 and 20<br />

65. limit 64 to (human and (<strong>en</strong>glish or fr<strong>en</strong>ch or spanish)) anakinra_eficacia_artritispsoriásica<br />

66. 8 and 32 and 19<br />

67. 66 and 20<br />

68. limit 67 to (human and (<strong>en</strong>glish or fr<strong>en</strong>ch or spanish))<br />

anakinra_eficacia_espondiloartropatías<br />

69. 32 and 19 and 12<br />

70. limit 69 to (human and (<strong>en</strong>glish or fr<strong>en</strong>ch or spanish))<br />

71. 70 and 20 anakinra_eficacia_espoondilitisanki<strong>los</strong>ante<br />

72. 4 and 36 and 19<br />

73. limit 72 to (human and (<strong>en</strong>glish or fr<strong>en</strong>ch or spanish))<br />

74. 73 and 19<br />

75. limit 74 to (human and (<strong>en</strong>glish or fr<strong>en</strong>ch or spanish)) abatacept_eficacia_artritispsoriásica<br />

76. 8 and 36 and 19<br />

77. 76 and 20<br />

78. limit 77 to (human and (<strong>en</strong>glish or fr<strong>en</strong>ch or spanish))<br />

abatacept_eficacia_espondiloartropatías<br />

79. 36 and 19 and 12<br />

80. limit 79 to (human and (<strong>en</strong>glish or fr<strong>en</strong>ch or spanish))<br />

81. 80 and 20 abatacept_eficacia_<strong>espondilitis</strong>anki<strong>los</strong>ante<br />

82. 4 and 40 and 19<br />

83. 82 and 20<br />

84. limit 83 to (human and (<strong>en</strong>glish or fr<strong>en</strong>ch or spanish))<br />

ciclofosfamida_eficacia_artritispsoriásica<br />

85. 8 and 40 and 19


86. 85 and 20<br />

87. limit 86 to (human and (<strong>en</strong>glish or fr<strong>en</strong>ch or spanish))<br />

ciclofosfamida_eficacia_espondiloartropatías<br />

88. 40 and 19 and 12<br />

89. 88 and 20<br />

90. limit 89 to (human and (<strong>en</strong>glish or fr<strong>en</strong>ch or spanish))<br />

ciclofosfamida_eficacia_<strong>espondilitis</strong>añki<strong>los</strong>ante<br />

91. 4 and 19 and 44<br />

92. 91 and 20<br />

93. limit 92 to (human and (<strong>en</strong>glish or fr<strong>en</strong>ch or spanish))<br />

Corambucil_eficacia_artritispsoriásica<br />

94. 8 and 19 and 44<br />

95. 94 and 20<br />

96. limit 95 to (human and (<strong>en</strong>glish or fr<strong>en</strong>ch or spanish))<br />

Corambucil_eficacia_espondiloartropatías<br />

97. 19 and 44 and 12<br />

98. 97 and 20<br />

99. limit 98 to (human and (<strong>en</strong>glish or fr<strong>en</strong>ch or spanish))<br />

Corambucil_eficacia_<strong>espondilitis</strong>anki<strong>los</strong>ante

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