Controlled environment system and method for rapid propagation of saba banana (Musa balbisiana) plantlets|Jbes vol-16-no-1

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J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2020IntroductionBanana stands out as the most important fruit crop inthe Philippines, constituting a significant portion in thecountry’s export revenue. It is one of the most importantsources of food in the rural areas where Saba banana, inparticular, is often used to extend, supplement orsubstitute staple food such as rice and corn.The main production constraint of banana is theavailability of disease-free and affordable bananaseedlings. To establish new farms, farmers have reliedon conventional suckers that are harvested from theirexisting farms. The traditional production of suckersin the field is inadequate to meet the demand,especially of large scale plantations.Tissue culture propagation technique has been in theregion for many years but it is yet to benefit majority ofsmall-scale farmers due to its high cost and sophisticatedskills requirement. To increase banana production insmall-scale systems, there is a need for affordable andstreamlined process for seedling production.Macropropagation is a simple and low-cost techniquethat can boost banana production. The technologyinvolves stimulation of lateral growth of multiplelatent buds in a corm within a chamber where mistingsystem is used to enhance ventilation and shading,reduce temperature, and increase humidity levelswhich can help avoid greenhouse overheatingdisasters. A single corm is capable of producing 10 to30 plantlets in four months, but the productivity mayvary depending on the cultivar and bud manipulation.This study was conducted to evaluate the effect ofmisting system and different growth enhancers on theproliferation and generation of Saba banana plantletsthrough macropropagation.Materials and methodsPreparing the Soil Media and Experimental AreaSandy loam soil and decomposed rice hull in 1:1 ratiowere mixed thoroughly and was used as the soilmedia (Calvo, 2007). Three cemented propagators,each measuring 1.0 m wide, 6.0 m long, and 1.0mhigh, were constructed inside a glasshouse. Thepropagators were filled with the prepared soil media.Then, the soil media was drenched with hot water forsterilization, and left for one day to cool down beforeplanting with the prepared corms.Source of planting materialsHealthy maiden and sword suckers that were about toflower and from visibly suitable mother plants wereselected for macropropagation. Corms of recentlyharvested banana plants that have good yieldingcharacteristics were also selected.Preparation of CormsHealthy sword suckers of Saba cultivar weighing 2.5to 3.0kg of saba were used. The corms were washed inrunning water. The roots of the corms were removedand washed with soapy water. The corms weredisinfected using 40% hypochlorite solution for 15minutes. The outer sheaths were removed to exposeaxillary buds using sterilized sharp knives.Decortication, Application of Growth hormones andPlantingThe exposed apical meristem and axillary buds of themother corm were cut transversely 2cm above therhizome collar region. The apical meristem wasremoved leaving a cavity of 2cm diameter and 4cmdepth to suppress the apical dominance and inducesprouting, respectively (Macias, 2001 and Singh et al.,2011). The corms were soaked in Benzyl AminoPurine, BAP (2.0mg/l) and Naphthalene acetic acid,NAA (0.93g/L) for 12 hours (Kindimba et al., 2014and Türkay, 2007). Thereafter, the corms wereremoved from the solution and were planted onto theprepared propagators. Shoots were allowed todevelop at the collar of the rhizome. The first shootsto come out from the corm were allowed to grow forthree weeks (Talengera et al., 1994). These were thefirst generation plantlets (GP1). The suckers weredissected again using the procedure described above.Cultural ManagementCorms under propagation were regularlymonitored for sucker development and wellwateredto maintain moisture.38 | Ramirez
J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2020To enhance the growth of the plantlets, therecommended fertilizer (46-0-0) was applied at 1.5grams per plant once a month. Insecticides weresprayed as necessary. Mechanical weeding was doneto maintain the sanitation of the experimental area(Calvo, 2007).the Agrometeorological Station-PAGASA 1 , ISU,Echague, Isabela. The temperature inside theglasshouse was around 34.03°C while outside was29.6°C in the duration of the study. The relativehumidity recorded was around 51.68% inside whileoutside humidity was at 77.18%.Establishment of Misting SystemThe misting system is controlled by a computerizedirrigation controller. It was set to automatically turnon for 5 minutes to moisten the corms, then to turnoff for the next 2 hours. The misting system operatedfor 8 hours a day with the nominal operating pressureof mister at 14.22 psi.Experimental Layout and DesignAll data were recorded, tabulated, and analyzedfollowing the factorial in Completely RandomizedDesign (CRD). The gathered data were subjected toAnalysis of Variance (ANOVA) using the software,Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research (STAR). Thetreatments with significant results were comparedusing the Least Significant Difference (LSD). Thetreatments were:Factor A : (Misting System or Humidifier)A1 - with misting systemA2 – without misting systemFactor B : (Growth Enhancer)B0 - CONTROLB1 – BAP at 2.0mg/l (Benzyl Amino Purine)B2 – NAA at 0.93g/L (Naphthalene acetic acid)Table 1. Climatic data during the study (2016).Inside glasshouse Outside glasshouseRelativeMonths TempeTemp Relativehumidity,rature, °Cerature, °C humidity, %%April 30.6 66.0 28.5 72.3May 35.5 49.5 30.8 67.7June 35.5 45.6 30.3 79.1July 36.2 45.9 29.7 77.9August 35.5 54.4 29.0 83.5Sept 36.9 48.7 29.3 82.6Average 34.03 51.68 29.6 77.18Growth Parameters of Banana using Humidifier andGrowth Enhancers to Produce First GenerationPlantlets (GP1)Table 2 shows the growth parameters of banana usinghumidifier and growth enhancers to produce firstgeneration Plantlets (GP1). It can be noted that thehumidifier (Factor A) as a single factor has a highlysignificant effect (P ≤ 0.01) on all the parameterstested where the use of misting system and nonmistingsystem have notable differences.Growth enhancers as a single factor affectsignificantly the number of days to emergence (P ≤0.01), number of shoots emerged (P ≤ 0.01), shootscollar diameter (cm) (P ≤ 0.01), and total leaf area(cm 2 ) (P ≤ 0.05).Collection of agro-climatic dataThe agro-climatic data were obtained directly fromthe DOST-PAGASA station at ISU, Echague, Isabela.Some supplementary meteorological data weregenerated from the Automatic Weather Station(AWS) installed near the area.Results and discussionsClimatic DataThe climatic data during the implementation of thestudy in terms of temperature and relative humidity,as shown in the following table, was obtained fromFurthermore, the interaction of humidifier (Factor A)and growth enhancers (Factor B) has no significanteffect on the growth parameters of banana. Resultsimply that humidifier and growth enhancersindependently influence all the parameters tested.Growth Parameters of banana using Humidifier andGrowth enhancers to Produce Second GenerationPlantlets (GP2)Table 3 shows the growth parameters of banana usinghumidifier and growth enhancers to produce secondgeneration Plantlets (GP2).39 | Ramirez
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Controlled environment system and method for rapid propagation of saba banana (Musa balbisiana) plantlets|Jbes vol-16-no-1

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