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Alemania, Francia e Italia. Además, la colaboración
entre autores también mejoray experimenta un gran
crecimiento a lo largo del decenio.
Innov ación y obtención de f ondos: Respecto a la
activ idad innov adora, entre 2004 y 2014 se han
concedido a las univ ersidades 4.153 patentes, lo
que representa una tasa del crecimiento del 136,4%.
La creación de spin-off promov idas por
univ ersidades tuvo un comportamiento dif erente, y a
que se mostró muy irregular durante todo el decenio:
mientras que 2013 fue el mejor año, con 127 nuevas
empresas de este tipo, 2014 f ue el año en que
menos se crearon (con 89).
A la hora de conseguir f inanciación a trav és de
conv ocatorias competitivas, las univ ersidades
españolas han experimentado una doble tendencia:
por un lado, han disminuido progresiv amente su
participación en los planes nacionales y estatales de
inv estigación (debido tanto al retraso sufrido por
estas conv ocatorias como a su menor financiación);
por otro lado, han aumentado su participación desde
2009 en los proy ectos científicos europeos del
Programa Marco y de Horizon 2020.
Al igual que en ediciones anteriores, el Observatorio
IUNE mantiene la posibilidad de obtener inf ormación
desagregada por cada una de las univ ersidades
públicas y privadas. Para obtener todos los datos
que analiza utiliza f uentes de inf ormación of icial,
como el Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), el
Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (MECD),
el Ministerio de Economía y Competitiv idad
(MINECO), la Of icina Española de Patentes y
Marcas (OEPM) y el Centro para el Desarrollo
Industrial (CDTI).
In dramatic statement, European leaders call for
‘immediate’ open access to all scientific papers
by 2020
Fuente: http://www.sciencemag.org/ 27/5/2016
In what European science chief Carlos Moedas calls
a "lif e-changing" mov e, E.U. member states today
agreed on an ambitious new open-access (OA)
target. All scientific papers should bef reely av ailable
by 2020, the Competitiv eness Council—a gathering
of ministers of science, innovation, trade, and
industry —concluded after a 2-day meeting in
Brussels. But some observers are warning that the
goal will be difficult to achiev e.
The OA goal is part of a broader set of
recommendations in support of open science, a
concept that also includes improved storage of and
access to research data. The Dutch gov ernment,
which currently holds the rotating E.U. presidency,
had lobbied hard f or Europe-wide support f or open
science, as had Carlos Moedas, the European
commissioner f or research and innov ation.
"We probably don't realize it y et, but what the Dutch
presidency has achiev ed is just unique and huge,"
Moedas said at a press conf erence. "The
commission is totally committed to help move this
f orward."
"The time for talking about Open Access is now past.
With these agreements, we are going to achiev e it in
practice," the Dutch state secretary for education,
culture, and science, Sander Dekker, added in a
statement.
"The means are still somewhat v ague but the
determination to reach the goal of having all scientific
articles freely accessible by 2020 is welcome," says
long-time OA advocate Stevan Harnad of the
Univ ersity of Québec in Canada. The decision was
also welcomed by the League of European Research
Univ ersities (LERU), which called today's
conclusions "a major boost for the transition towards
an Open Science system."
The council prov ides f ew details on how countries
can make a f ull transition to OA in less than 4 y ears.
And giv en OA's slow march ov er the past 15 y ears,
some see the target as ov erly optimistic—if not
unrealistic. (LERU calls it "not an easy ambition.")
Ev en the Netherlands, which is considered an OA
frontrunner in Europe, until recently had as its official
target to reach f ull OA f or Dutch scientif ic papers by
2024.
But Harnad says the goal is "reachable." What the
European Union needs to do is require that its
scientific output is deposited in institutional
repositories, an option called Green OA. The Dutch
gov ernment f avors Gold OA, in which authors
publish in an OA journal; the council does not
express a preferencef or either route.
A spokesperson f or the Competitiv eness Council
admits the 2020 target "may not be an easy task,"
but stresses the importance of the council's new
resolv e. "This is not a law, but it's a political
orientation for the 28 governments. The important
thing is that there is a consensus."
The council's statement is also slightly ambiguous on
what exactly should be accomplished by 2020. It
calls for "immediate" OA, "without embargoes or with
as short as possible embargoes." Many non-OA
journals currently allow authors to make their papers
av ailable—for instance in an institutional repository —
6 or 12 months af ter publication, but the essence of
immediate OA is that a paper is f reely av ailable
when it gets published. How short journal-imposed
embargoes would hav e to become to qualify as
"immediate" OA remains unclear. Harnad says the
deposit in an institutional repository should be
"immediately upon acceptance f or publication
(because if the 2019 scientific article output is
deposited in 2021, that is not OA in 2020)."
Posted in: Europe Policy Scientific Community
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