Goldmann, Lucien y otros - Sociologia de la creacion literaria

'en el que su autor intenta seguir la eterna búsqueda por parte de losnovelistas estadounidenses de la "pradera", que simboliza la edad de orodel continente norteamericano.7 [ ••• a kind of criticism whieh is, by definition, a form of historieal understanding.]R. H. Pearce, "Hístorícísm once more", Kenyon review, 1958.8 En su libro The liberal imagination. Essays on literaffnre and society(Secker Warburg, Londres, 1951), L. Trilling ha procurado deslindar lasrelaciones entre la inestabilidad de la sociedad y la del carácter de lospersonajes: "Los sinsabores que experimentan los personajes de Sueño deuna noche de verano y de Christopher Sly parecen mostrar que el encuentrode individuos situados en los extremos opuestos de la jerarquía socialy el ascenso de una persona de origen humilde a una elevada posiciónsiempre le sugerían a Shakespeare cierta fundamental inestabilidad de lossentidos y de la razón" (p. 210). [The predieament of the characters inA Midsurnmer night's dream and of Christopher Sly seems lo imply thatthe meeting of social extremes and the establishment of ti versan of lowclass always suggested to Shakespeare's mind some radical instability ofthe senses and the reason.11 [Moll Flanders is a thief, Pamela a hypocrite, and Tom ]ones a fomicator.]lan Watt, The rise of the novel, University of California Press,Berkeley, 1957, p. 11.10 [The novel's realism does not reside in the kind of life il presents, butin the way it presents it.111 [As middle-class London tradesmen, they had only to consult Iheirown standards of form and content to be sure that what they wrotewould appeal to a large audience . .. not so much Defoe and Richardsonresponded to the new needs of their audience, but that they were ableto express those needs from the inside .,. ] Ian Watt, ob. cit., p. 59.12 [In so doing Deioe initiated an important new tendency in fiction:his total subordination of the plot to the pattem of the autobiographiealmemoir is as defiant an assertion of the primacy of the individual experiencein the novel as Descartes Cogito ergo sum was in philosophy.]ldem, p. 15.13 [Es ist symptomatisch, dass es (in den USA) keine bis auf heutigenTag fortgefürhte, umfassende Bibliographie zur Literatur - und KunstsoziologiegibtJ] L. LOwenthal, Literatur 1.md Gesellschaft, Luchterhand,Neuwíed, 1964, p. 244. Edición en Estados Unidos: Literature, popularculture and society, Prentice Hall, 1961.14 R. Wellek y A. Warren, Theory of literature, Harcourt Brace and Co.,Nueva York, 1942 [Teoría literaria, Gredos, Madrid, 1966]. Es significativoque los críticos acometan con harta frecuencia a los autores másmecanicistas para refutar todo enfoque sociológico, y así la emprendancontra Grib y Smirnov antes que contra Gramsci o Lukács. Se trata,una vez más, del fenómeno demasiado frecuente de las clasificacionesmaniqueas.15 [The sociology of knowledge also aids intellectual history by indicatingin what way literature can affect society. As has been pointed out, thissystem does not claim that al! thought is socially determined.] Alex. Kern,68