…igual que en otros documentos, en dicha estrategia se propone alimentación <strong>materna</strong> exclusivaen los primeros seis meses <strong>de</strong> vida (Kramer MS, Kakuma R. The optimal duration of exclusivebreastfeeding: a systematic review. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2001 (WHO/ NHD/01.08;WHO/FCH/01.23); WHO/UNICEF. Global strategy for infant and young child feeding. Geneva,World Health Organization, 2003; World health organization. Department of Nutrition for Healthand Development. Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development.The optimalduration of exclusive Breastfeeding report of an expert consultation geneva, switzer<strong>la</strong>nd 28–30march 2001. WHO/NHD/01.09; WHO/FCH/CAH/01.2 4. Canadian Paediatric Society NutritionCommittee members including Dietitians of Canada and Health Canada Liaison members. Exclusivebreastfeeding should continue to six months. Reaffirmed February 2009. Paediatr Child Health2005; 10: 148. Disponible en http://www.hc-‐sc.gc.ca/fn-‐an/pubs/infant-nourrisson/nut_infant_nourrisson_term_6-‐eng.php#trans-‐1)…cuando se hab<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong> alimentación <strong>materna</strong> exclusiva se refiere a que el niño solo recibealimentación <strong>materna</strong>, así sea extraída o <strong>de</strong> otra madre, con <strong>la</strong> excepción <strong>de</strong> hidratación oralcuando se necesario, o medicamentos indicados por vía oral? (WHO/UNICEF/USAID. Indicators forassessing infant and young child feeding practices. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008Dispoible en http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241596664_eng.pdf Consultado el8 <strong>de</strong> agosto <strong>de</strong> 2009)…dado que el 87% <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> leche <strong>materna</strong> es agua, el niño alimentado <strong>de</strong>l seno no necesita recibiragua en forma adicional, aunque viva en climas cálidos? (Almroth SG. Water requirements ofBrest-‐fed infants in hot climate. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1978; 31: 1154-‐1157;Almroth S, Bidinger PD. No need for water supplementation for exclusively breast-‐fed infantsun<strong>de</strong>r hot and arid conditions. Trans R Soc TropMed Hyg 1990; 84: 602-‐604; Smith A. Do breastfedbabies need water? Disponible en http://www.storknet.com/guests/anne11.htm, consultado el 11<strong>de</strong> septiembre <strong>de</strong> 2009; Exclusive breastfeeding: The only water source young infants need. FAQSheet 5 Frequently Asked Questions. Washington DC, Aca<strong>de</strong>my for Educational Development,2002; Almroth SG. Water requirements of breast-‐fed infants in a hot climate. American Journal ofClinical Nutrition, 1978; 31: 1154-‐1157; Almroth S, Bidinger PD. No need for watersupplementation for exclusively breast-‐fed infants un<strong>de</strong>r hot and arid conditions. Trans R SocTropMed Hyg 1990; 84: 602-‐604 )…a pesar <strong>de</strong> lo anterior, con mucha frecuencia <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s primeras semanas <strong>de</strong> vida se les dan a losniños “aguas aromáticas” y diferentes tipos <strong>de</strong> “te”, práctica que se ha asociado con un alto riesgo<strong>de</strong> diarrea? (Brown K et al. Infant feeding practices and their re<strong>la</strong>tionship with diarrhoeal andother diseases in Huascar (Lima) Peru. Pediatrics, 1989, 83: 31–40)…dada <strong>la</strong> concentración <strong>de</strong>l agua en <strong>la</strong> leche (87%), <strong>la</strong>s fórmu<strong>la</strong>s lácteas en polvo mal l<strong>la</strong>madas“maternizadas” se preparan al 13%?87% + 13% = 100%?
…dicha cantidad <strong>de</strong> agua en <strong>la</strong> leche <strong>materna</strong> implica que <strong>la</strong> madre <strong>de</strong>be tener a<strong>de</strong>cuada ingesta<strong>de</strong> este importante sustrato para producir buena cantidad <strong>de</strong> leche?…como el organismo humano es tan inteligente (más que una junta <strong>de</strong> médicos), <strong>la</strong>s madres quealimentan <strong>de</strong>l seno a sus bebés sienten mucha sed, y se ven “obligadas” a tomar líquidos?…varios trabajos seña<strong>la</strong>n <strong>la</strong>s bonda<strong>de</strong>s económicas <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>la</strong>ctancia <strong>materna</strong> Vs <strong>la</strong>s fórmu<strong>la</strong>s lácteas,mediante el análisis <strong>de</strong> varios aspectos, como <strong>la</strong> mayor atención por enfermedad <strong>de</strong> los niños queno <strong>la</strong> reciben, ausentismo <strong>la</strong>boral <strong>de</strong> los padres por el mayor número <strong>de</strong> enfermeda<strong>de</strong>s en los quereciben fórmu<strong>la</strong>, gastos re<strong>la</strong>cionados con el proceso <strong>de</strong> industrialización, empaque y distribución<strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s fórmu<strong>la</strong>s lácteas, <strong>de</strong> los biberones y <strong>la</strong>s mami<strong>la</strong>s plásticas, daños ecológicos que se <strong>de</strong>rivan<strong>de</strong> todos estos procesos, gastos familiares en <strong>la</strong> compra <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s fórmu<strong>la</strong>s lácteas, gastos enbiberones, gastos en esterilización <strong>de</strong> agua y biberones…? (Weimer J. The economic benefits ofbreastfeeding: A review and analysis. ERS Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Report No. 13.USDA Economic Research Service, Washington, D.C. 2001; Ball TM, Wright AL. Health care cost offormu<strong>la</strong>-‐feeding in the first year of life. Pediatrics 1999; 103: 870–876; Horton S, Sanghvi T, PhillipsM, Fiedler J, Perez-‐Escamil<strong>la</strong> R, Lutter C, et al. Breastfeeding promotion and priority ESCENARIO inhealth. Health Policy and P<strong>la</strong>nning 1996; 11: 1156–168; Huffman S, Steel A, Toure KM, MiddletonE. Economic value of breastfeeding in Belize. Nuture: Center to Prevent Childhood Malnutrition.Washington DC, 1992; Radford A. The ecological impact of bottle feeding. Baby Milk ActionCoalition. 1991. Mimeo. Radford A. Breastmilk: A world resource. World Alliance for BreastfeedingAction. Penang, Ma<strong>la</strong>ysia. Undated. Mimeo; Levine RE, Huffman SL. The economic value ofbreastfeeding, the national, public sector, hospital, and household levels: A review of theliterature. Center to Prevent Childhood Malnutrition. Washington, D.C. 1990; Huffman S, et al.Assessment of infant feeding in Peru. Chapter XIV. Economic value of breastfeeding. WellstartInternational. Washington, DC . 1992; Daga SR, Daga AS. Impact of breast milk on the cost-effectivenessof the special care unit for the newborn. J Trop Pediatr 1985; 31: 121–123; Roh<strong>de</strong> JE.Mother milk and the Indonesian economy: A major national resource. J Trop Pediatr 1982; 28:1166–174; Roh<strong>de</strong> JE. Mother milk and the Indonesian economy: A major national resource. IndianJ Pediatr 1981; 48: 125–132; Fallot ME, Boyd JL, Oski FA. Breast-‐feeding reduces inci<strong>de</strong>nce ofhospital admissions for infections in infants. Pediatrics 1980; 65; 1121–1124; Almroth S, Greiner T.FAO Food and Nutrition Paper. The economic value of breast-‐feeding. Food and AgricultureOrganization, Rome, Italy. 1979; Lamm E, De<strong>la</strong>ney J, Dwyer J. Economy in the feeding of infants.Pediatric Clinics of North America 1977; 24: 71–84.…los ejemplos proporcionados en estas categorías incluyen los 4,5 millones <strong>de</strong> biberones plásticosvendidos en solo Pakistán en 1987, <strong>la</strong>s 3.000 tone<strong>la</strong>das <strong>de</strong> papel que podrían ahorrarse enproductos <strong>de</strong> higiene femenina si cada madre en Ing<strong>la</strong>terra amamantara a su hijo, y los 73 kg <strong>de</strong>leña utilizados para esterilizar el agua necesaria para alimentar con fórmu<strong>la</strong> al <strong>la</strong>ctante durante unaño (Radford A. The ecological impact of bottle feeding. Baby Milk Action Coalition. 1991. Mimeo.Radford A. Breastmilk: A world resource. World Alliance for breastfeeding Action. Penang,Ma<strong>la</strong>ysia. Undated. Mimeo)