La Dimension Cultural de la Gestion de Asentamientos Humanos ...

Revista Mad. No.5. Septiembre 2001. Departamento de Antropología. Universidad de Chilehttp://sociales.uchile.cl/publicaciones/mad/05/paper06.htmand the pursuit of sustainable development a reality at the local level through theimplementation of 'local Agenda 21s' and other sustainable developmentprogrammes. Non -governmental organizations, educational institutions, thescientific community and the media have increased public awareness anddiscussion of the relations between environment and development in all countries.The involvement, role and responsibilities of business and industry, includingtransnational corporations, are important. Hundreds of small and large businesseshave made 'green business' a new operating mode. Workers and trade unionshave established partnerships with employers and communities to encouragesustainable development in the workplace. Farmer-led initiatives have resulted inimproved agricultural practices contributing to sound resource management.Indigenous people have played an increasing role in addressing issues affectingtheir interests and particularly concerning their traditional knowledge and practices.Young people and women around the world have played a prominent role ingalvanizing communities into recognizing their responsibilities to futuregenerations. Nevertheless, more opportunities should be created for women toparticipate effectively in economic, social and political development as equalpartners in all sectors of the economy.Se indica que los medios han incrementando la conciencia y discusión de las relaciones entre elambiente y el desarrollo.III. Implementation of Agenda 21 in areas requiring urgent actionA. Integration of economic, social and environmental objectivesChanging consumption and production patterns28. Unsustainable patterns of production and consumption, particularly in theindustrialized countries, are identified in Agenda 21 as the major cause ofcontinued deterioration of the global environment. While unsustainable patterns inthe industrialized countries continue to aggravate the threats to the environment,there remain huge difficulties for developing countries in meeting basic needs suchas food, health care, shelter and education for people. All countries should strive topromote sustainable consumption patterns; developed countries should take thelead in achieving sustainable consumption patterns; developing countries shouldseek to achieve sustainable consumption patterns in their development process,guaranteeing the provision of basic needs for the poor, while avoiding thoseunsustainable patterns, particularly in industrialized countries, generally recognizedas unduly hazardous to the environment, inefficient and wasteful, in theirdevelopment processes. This requires enhanced technological and otherassistance from industrialized countries. In the follow-up of the implementation ofAgenda 21, the review of progress made in achieving sustainable consumptionpatterns should be given high priority. Consistent with Agenda 21, the developmentand further elaboration of national policies and strategies, particularly inindustrialized countries, are needed to encourage changes in unsustainableconsumption and production patterns, while strengthening, as appropriate,international approaches and policies that promote sustainable consumptionpatterns on the basis of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities,applying the polluter pays principle, and encouraging producer responsibility andgreater consumer awareness. Eco-efficiency, cost internalization and productpolicies are also important tools for making consumption and production patternsmore sustainable. Actions in this area should focus on:(h) Encouraging the media, advertising and marketing sectors to help shapesustainable consumption patterns.(i) Improving the quality of information regarding the environmental impact ofproducts and services and, to that end, encouraging the voluntary and transparentuse of eco-labelling.52