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La Dimension Cultural de la Gestion de Asentamientos Humanos ...

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Revista Mad. No.5. Septiembre 2001. Departamento <strong>de</strong> Antropología. Universidad <strong>de</strong> Chilehttp://sociales.uchile.cl/publicaciones/mad/05/paper06.htmDec<strong>la</strong>ración <strong>de</strong> Vancouver sobre los <strong>Asentamientos</strong> <strong>Humanos</strong><strong>La</strong> Dec<strong>la</strong>ración <strong>de</strong> Vancouver fue emitida en junio <strong>de</strong> 1976 en <strong>la</strong> Conferencia <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s NacionesUnidas sobre los <strong>Asentamientos</strong> <strong>Humanos</strong> (Hábitat I), celebrada en Vancouver, Canadá. Consta33 parágrafos. Ninguno tiene re<strong>la</strong>ción con nuestro interés <strong>de</strong> investigación.P<strong>la</strong>n <strong>de</strong> Acción para los <strong>Asentamientos</strong> <strong>Humanos</strong>El P<strong>la</strong>n <strong>de</strong> Acción para los <strong>Asentamientos</strong> <strong>Humanos</strong> fue suscrito en junio <strong>de</strong> 1976 en <strong>la</strong> IConferencia <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s Naciones Unidas sobre los <strong>Asentamientos</strong> <strong>Humanos</strong> (Hábitat I), celebrada enVancouver, Canadá. Consta <strong>de</strong> 64 recomendaciones generales divididas en 6 secciones (Anexo2); el análisis se concentró en <strong>la</strong>s secciones E: Participación pública; y F: Instituciones y gestión.Dentro <strong>de</strong> estas secciones se <strong>de</strong>stacan <strong>la</strong>s siguientes recomendaciones:Public Participation. Preamble9. Public participation implies not only efforts to convey information, but also a veryimportant effort of education and formation to allow both specialist and publicparticipation to p<strong>la</strong>y a <strong>de</strong>termining role in evaluating the economic, technical andadministrative consequences of the measures un<strong>de</strong>r consi<strong>de</strong>ration.Se requiere informació n y programas <strong>de</strong> educación para lograr <strong>la</strong> participación profesional ypopu<strong>la</strong>r.Recommendation E.3 Two-way flowa) Public participation does not mean simply the mobilization or people toimplement the in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong>cisions of governments and professionals;participation requires listening and response in both directions.b) TO BE EFFECTIVE, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION REQUIRES THE FREE FLOWOF INFORMATION AMONG ALL PARTIES CONCERNED AND SHOULD BEBASED ON MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING, TRUST AND EDUCATION.c) This may be achieved through:i) Legis<strong>la</strong>tion to stimu<strong>la</strong>te public participation and to provi<strong>de</strong> wi<strong>de</strong>accessibility to public information;iii) Information and possibly legal aid services to inform the citizen of legalrights and duties in re<strong>la</strong>tion to human settlement issues as well as toprovi<strong>de</strong> legal assistance;v) Wi<strong>de</strong> use of mass media to provi<strong>de</strong> a forum for citizen participation andpublic <strong>de</strong>bate.Para que <strong>la</strong> participación sea efectiva se recomienda garantizar legalmente el acceso a <strong>la</strong>información pública, as í como informar específicamente sobre <strong>de</strong>rechos y <strong>de</strong>beres re<strong>la</strong>cionadoscon temas <strong>de</strong> asentamientos humanos. Los medios <strong>de</strong>ben ser utilizados ampliamente como unforo para el <strong>de</strong>bate público y <strong>la</strong> participación ciudadana.Recommendation E.5 New forms of participationa) Of all human en<strong>de</strong>avours, public participation is the one which can least affordto be iso<strong>la</strong>ted from current trends and changes in society, in so far as these effectthe re<strong>la</strong>tionships between the governing and the governed, the professional andthe <strong>la</strong>ymen, the strong and the weak.b) PUBLIC PARTICIPATION MUST RESPOND TO BOTH NEWLY EMERGINGNEEDS OF SOCIETY AND TO EXISTING SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND CULTURALNEEDS. THE PEOPLE AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS SHOULD ESTABLISHMECHANISMS FOR POPULAR PARTICIPATION THAT CONTRIBUTE TODEVELOPING AWARENESS OF PEOPLE'S ROLE IN TRANSFORMINGSOCIETY.c) Areas for special attention inclu<strong>de</strong>:32

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