Neurociencia del consumo y dependencia de sustancias psicoactivas
Neurociencia del consumo y dependencia de sustancias psicoactivas Neurociencia del consumo y dependencia de sustancias psicoactivas
6. TRASTORNOS CONCURRENTEStos psiquiátricos y psicológicos. Existen varios tratamientos efectivos para ladepresión y la esquizofrenia. Proporcionar terapias farmacológicas y conductualesa los pacientes con trastornos mentales facilitaría la abstinencia o reducciónde las farmacodependencias, lo que eventualmente mejoraría la prognosisdel paciente. También debe reconocerse que si muchos pacientes con farmacodependenciasson refractarios a las actuales intervenciones, es porque la abstinenciaagrava sus síntomas psiquiátricos. Por consiguiente, pueden ser necesariasintervenciones más intensivas para personas con comorbilidad para facilitar laabstinencia, incluyendo tratamientos farmacológicos para ayudarlos en los síntomasde abstinencia. En conclusión, comprender que existe un alto grado decomorbilidad de farmacodependencias y trastornos psiquiátricos facilitará engran medida la aplicación de tratamientos médicos y políticas de salud pública,que podrían confrontar directamente esta cuestión social y médica.ReferenciasAdler LE y colab. (1998) Schizophrenia, sensory gating and nicotinic receptors.Schizophrenia Bulletin, 24:189–202.Allen AR y colab. (1997) The 5-HT1A receptor antagonist p-MPPI blocksresponses mediated by postsynaptic and presynaptic 5-HT1A receptors.Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 57:301–307.Allen RM, Young SJ (1978) Phencyclidine-induced psychosis. American Journalof Psychiatry, 135:1081–1084.American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual ofmental disorders- Fourth Editon, Washington, DC, EE.UU. American PsychiatricPress.Andrews N, File SE (1993) Increased 5-HT release mediates the anxiogenicresponse during benzodiazepine withdrawal: a review of supporting neurochemicaland behavioural evidence. Psychopharmacology, 112:21–25.Angrist B, Gershon S (1970) The phenomenology of experimentally-inducedamphetamine psychosis: preliminary observations. Biological Psychiatry,2:95–107.Angrist B, Rotrosen J, Gershon S (1980) Differential effects of amphetamineand neuroleptics on negative and positive symptoms in schizophrenia.Psychopharmacology, 72:17–19.Angrist B y colab. (1982) Partial improvement in negative schizophrenic symptomsafter amphetamine. Psychopharmacology, 78:128–130.Ascher JA y colab. (1995) Bupropion: a review of its mechanisms of antidepressantactivity. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 56:395–401.Aubin HJ, Tilikete S, Barrucand D (1996) Depression and smoking. Encephale,22:17–22.Balla A y colab. (2001) Phencyclidine-induced dysregulation of dopamineresponse to amphetamine in prefrontal cortex and striatum. NeurochemistryResearch, 26:1001–1006.191
NEUROCIENCIA DEL CONSUMO Y DEPENDENCIA DE SUSTANCIAS PSICOACTIVASBel N, Artigas F (1993) Chronic treatment with fluvoxamine increases extracellularserotonin in the frontal cortex but not in raphe nuclei. Synapse, 15:243–245.Bell DS (1965) Comparison of amphetamine psychosis and schizophrenia.British Journal of Psychiatry, 111:701–707.Benkelfat C y colab. (1994) Mood-lowering effect of tryptophan depletion:enhanced susceptibility in young men at genetic risk for major affective disorders.Archives of General Psychiatry, 51:687–697.Beyer CE, Steketee JD (2000) Intra-medial prefrontal cortex injection of quinpirole,but not SKF 38393, blocks the acute motor-stimulant response tococaine in the rat. Psychopharmacology, 151:211–218.Binder RL y colab. (1987) Smoking and tardive dyskinesia. Biological Psychiatry,22:1280–1282.Blaha CD y colab. (1997) Stimulation of the ventral subiculum of the hippocampusevokes glutamate receptor-mediated changes in dopamine efflux inthe rat nucleus accumbens. European Journal of Neuroscience, 9:902–911.Blier P, de Montigny C (1994) Current advances and trends in the treatment ofdepression. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 15:220–226.Blier P, de Montigny C, Chaput Y (1990) A role for the serotonin system in themechanism of action of antidepressant treatments: preclinical evidence. Journalof Clinical Psychiatry, 51 Suppl: S14–S20.Bogerts B (1993) Hippocampus-amygdala volumes and psychopathology inchronic schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 33:236–246.Bokstrom K, Balldin J (1992) A rating scale for assessment of alcohol withdrawalpsychopathology (AWIP). Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research,16:241–249.Breslau N (1995) Psychiatric comorbidity of smoking and nicotine dependence.Behavior Genetics, 25:95–101.Breslau N, Kilbey MM, Andreski P (1993) Nicotine dependence and majordepression: new evidence from a prospective investigation. Archives of GeneralPsychiatry, 50:31–35.Breslau N y colab. (1998) Major depression and stages of smoking: a longitudinalinvestigation. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55:161–166.Buckley P y colab. (1994) Substance abuse among patients with treatment-resistantschizophrenia: characteristics and implications for clozapine therapy.American Journal of Psychiatry, 151:385–389.Caldecott-Hazard S, Schneider LS (1992) Clinical and biochemical aspects ofdepressive disorders. III. Treatment and controversies. Synapse, 10:141–168.Caldecott-Hazard S y colab. (1991) Clinical and biochemical aspects of depressivedisorders. II. Transmitter/receptor theories. Synapse, 9:251–301.Carlsson A (1977) Does dopamine play a role in schizophrenia? PsychologicalMedicine, 7:583–597.Carlsson A (1978) Mechanism of action of neuroleptic drugs. In: Lipton MA,Di Mascio A, Killian KF, eds. Psychopharmacology: a generation in progress. NuevaYork, NY, EE.UU. Raven Press:1057–1070.192
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NEUROCIENCIA DEL CONSUMO Y DEPENDENCIA DE SUSTANCIAS PSICOACTIVASBel N, Artigas F (1993) Chronic treatment with fluvoxamine increases extracellularserotonin in the frontal cortex but not in raphe nuclei. Synapse, 15:243–245.Bell DS (1965) Comparison of amphetamine psychosis and schizophrenia.British Journal of Psychiatry, 111:701–707.Benkelfat C y colab. (1994) Mood-lowering effect of tryptophan <strong>de</strong>pletion:enhanced susceptibility in young men at genetic risk for major affective disor<strong>de</strong>rs.Archives of General Psychiatry, 51:687–697.Beyer CE, Steketee JD (2000) Intra-medial prefrontal cortex injection of quinpirole,but not SKF 38393, blocks the acute motor-stimulant response tococaine in the rat. Psychopharmacology, 151:211–218.Bin<strong>de</strong>r RL y colab. (1987) Smoking and tardive dyskinesia. Biological Psychiatry,22:1280–1282.Blaha CD y colab. (1997) Stimulation of the ventral subiculum of the hippocampusevokes glutamate receptor-mediated changes in dopamine efflux inthe rat nucleus accumbens. European Journal of Neuroscience, 9:902–911.Blier P, <strong>de</strong> Montigny C (1994) Current advances and trends in the treatment of<strong>de</strong>pression. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 15:220–226.Blier P, <strong>de</strong> Montigny C, Chaput Y (1990) A role for the serotonin system in themechanism of action of anti<strong>de</strong>pressant treatments: preclinical evi<strong>de</strong>nce. Journalof Clinical Psychiatry, 51 Suppl: S14–S20.Bogerts B (1993) Hippocampus-amygdala volumes and psychopathology inchronic schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 33:236–246.Bokstrom K, Balldin J (1992) A rating scale for assessment of alcohol withdrawalpsychopathology (AWIP). Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research,16:241–249.Breslau N (1995) Psychiatric comorbidity of smoking and nicotine <strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nce.Behavior Genetics, 25:95–101.Breslau N, Kilbey MM, Andreski P (1993) Nicotine <strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nce and major<strong>de</strong>pression: new evi<strong>de</strong>nce from a prospective investigation. Archives of GeneralPsychiatry, 50:31–35.Breslau N y colab. (1998) Major <strong>de</strong>pression and stages of smoking: a longitudinalinvestigation. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55:161–166.Buckley P y colab. (1994) Substance abuse among patients with treatment-resistantschizophrenia: characteristics and implications for clozapine therapy.American Journal of Psychiatry, 151:385–389.Cal<strong>de</strong>cott-Hazard S, Schnei<strong>de</strong>r LS (1992) Clinical and biochemical aspects of<strong>de</strong>pressive disor<strong>de</strong>rs. III. Treatment and controversies. Synapse, 10:141–168.Cal<strong>de</strong>cott-Hazard S y colab. (1991) Clinical and biochemical aspects of <strong>de</strong>pressivedisor<strong>de</strong>rs. II. Transmitter/receptor theories. Synapse, 9:251–301.Carlsson A (1977) Does dopamine play a role in schizophrenia? PsychologicalMedicine, 7:583–597.Carlsson A (1978) Mechanism of action of neuroleptic drugs. In: Lipton MA,Di Mascio A, Killian KF, eds. Psychopharmacology: a generation in progress. NuevaYork, NY, EE.UU. Raven Press:1057–1070.192
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