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(Eh) y metanólico (Em) de Pera distichophylla sobre un aislado de ...

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Artículo Original<br />

Chagas Disease in a Wormy World<br />

GALáN-PUCHADES M.T. 1 and OSUNA A. 2<br />

Rev. Ibero-Latinoam. Parasitol. (2012); 71 (1): 5-13<br />

1 Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain.<br />

2 Group of Biochemistry and Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071<br />

Granada, Spain.<br />

ABSTRACT<br />

Most hosts, including humans, are infected with multiple parasites. Helminth infection can bias the<br />

human imm<strong>un</strong>e response towards a T-helper type 2 over a type 1 response, impairing the host’s ability<br />

to control concurrent intracellular microparasite infections, such as Trypanosoma cruzi. We have revised<br />

literature with the aim to search evi<strong>de</strong>nce on the interactions between worms and T. cruzi, to ascertain<br />

if this co-infection could alter: i) the susceptibility to acquire Chagas disease; ii) the progression of the<br />

disease; and iii) the probability of congenital transmission. As a result of a human autopsy survey, people<br />

who harbored co-infection with cysticercosis and T. cruzi had a longer life expectancy than those who<br />

harbored only one of the two parasites or none, and Chagas disease was 10 times more frequent in patients<br />

co-infected with cysticercosis. Dogs suffering from Chagas disease only, showed impaired heart lesions<br />

compared with those presenting co-infection with Dirofilaria immitis. Chronic helminth infections in<br />

mice showed a significant influence in the susceptibility to T. cruzi. In primates co-infected with T. cruzi<br />

and helminths the differences fo<strong>un</strong>d in T. cruzi seroprevalence and the infection profile were the result of<br />

concomitant helminth infections since all typed isolates were the same. Co-infections with helminths and T.<br />

cruzi can interact and influence the imm<strong>un</strong>e responses to and clinical outcomes of Chagas disease. Studies<br />

addressing these interactions are nee<strong>de</strong>d both in humans and animal mo<strong>de</strong>ls.<br />

Key words: Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, polyparasitism, helminths, co-infection.<br />

RESUMEN<br />

LA ENFERMEDAD DE CHAGAS EN UN MUNDO DE HELMINTOS<br />

La mayoría <strong>de</strong> los hospedadores están infectados con más <strong>de</strong> <strong>un</strong>a especie parásita. Las infecciones<br />

por helmintos tienen la capacidad <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>sviar la respuesta inm<strong>un</strong>e humana hacia el tipo Th-2, <strong>sobre</strong> el<br />

Th-1, afectando así la habilidad <strong>de</strong>l hospedador por controlar parásitos intracelulares como Trypanosoma<br />

Received: 9 March 2012. Accepted: 16 April 2012.<br />

Corresponding: Maria Teresa Galán-Pucha<strong>de</strong>s: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy,<br />

University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjasssot (Valencia),<br />

Spain. Phone: (34) 963544536. Fax: (34) 963544769.<br />

E-mail: mteresa.galan@uv.es<br />

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