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revista chilena de psiquiatria y neurologia de la infancia y ...

revista chilena de psiquiatria y neurologia de la infancia y ...

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Volumen 22Nº 2Trastorno por déficit <strong>de</strong> atención/hiperactividad (TDAH). Revisiónlento sin hiperactividad-impulsividad, exten<strong>de</strong>r<strong>la</strong> edad <strong>de</strong> comienzo <strong>de</strong> los síntomas comocriterio para TDAH, crear umbrales y listas <strong>de</strong>síntomas a<strong>de</strong>cuados a <strong>la</strong>s diferentes etapas<strong>de</strong>l <strong>de</strong>sarrollo (disminuyendo los síntomas <strong>de</strong>hiperactividad, en especial en adultos), y aumentarel número <strong>de</strong> criterios para impulsividad,dada <strong>la</strong> cantidad <strong>de</strong> estudios que lo ava<strong>la</strong>ncomo característica central <strong>de</strong>l trastorno.C<strong>la</strong>ramente, el área <strong>de</strong> mayor conflicto es <strong>la</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> c<strong>la</strong>sificación y subtipificación <strong>de</strong>l TDAH.La pregunta es si existen realmente subtipos<strong>de</strong> TDAH o más bien fenotipos heredables queconfluyen para formar distintos fenotipos clínicos.Se <strong>de</strong>staca que el TDAH es un trastornoque posee gran heterogenicidad, que podríaexplicar que sus bases no hayan sido totalmenteac<strong>la</strong>radas a <strong>la</strong> fecha, y que se requierenmayores estudios para precisar mejor <strong>la</strong> caracterización<strong>de</strong>l TDAH en todas estas áreas.Es necesario profundizar en <strong>la</strong> heterogenicidad<strong>de</strong>l TDAH para mejorar su conceptualización,lo que estaría orientado al mejor rendimientodiagnóstico y terapéutico en el futuro.REFERENCIAS1. American Psychiatric Association (APA),Diagnostic and statistical manual of mentaldisor<strong>de</strong>rs (4 th Edition-Text Revision), 2000.2. Kessler R, Adler L, Barkley R, Bie<strong>de</strong>rman,et al. The prevalence and corre<strong>la</strong>tes ofADHD in the United States: Results fromthe National Comorbidity Survey Replication.Am J Psychiatry,2006,163:716-723.3. Millstein R, Wilens T, Bier<strong>de</strong>rman E, &SpencerJ. Presenting ADHD symtoms andsubtypes in clinically referred adults withADHD. J Atten Disord,1998,2: 159-166.4. Still G. Some abnormal psychical conditionsin children. The Lancet, 1902. 1008–1012, 1077–1082, 1163–1168.5. APA, Diagnostic and statistical manual ofmental disor<strong>de</strong>rs (2nd ed.). WashingtonDC,1968.6. APA, Diagnostic and statistical manual ofmental disor<strong>de</strong>rs (3rd ed.). WashingtonDC,1980.7. APA, Diagnostic and statistical manual ofmental disor<strong>de</strong>rs (3rd Edition.-Revised).Washington DC,1987.8. APA, Diagnostic and statistical manual ofmental disor<strong>de</strong>rs (4th ed.). WashingtonDC,1994.9. Lahey B, Applegate B, McBurnett K,Bie<strong>de</strong>rman J, Greenhill L, Hynd G, et al.DSM-IV field trialsfor attention-<strong>de</strong>ficit/hyperactivitydisor<strong>de</strong>r in children and adolescents.Am J Psychiatry, 1994,151(11):1673–1685.10. Barkley R, Fischer M, Smallish L, & FletcherK. The persistence of attention-<strong>de</strong>ficit/hyperactivity disor<strong>de</strong>r into young adulthoodas a function of reporting source and<strong>de</strong>finition of disor<strong>de</strong>r. J Abnor Psychol,2002, 111(2): 279–289.11. Kessler R, Adler L, Barkley R, Bie<strong>de</strong>rman,et al. The prevalence and corre<strong>la</strong>tes ofADHD in the United States: Results fromthe National Comorbidity Survey Replication.Am J Psychiatry,2006,163 : 716-723.12. Bie<strong>de</strong>rman J, Mick E, & Faraone S. Age<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt<strong>de</strong>cline of symptoms of attention<strong>de</strong>ficit hyperactivity disor<strong>de</strong>r: Impactof remission <strong>de</strong>finition and symptom type.Am J Psychiatry, 2000,157(5): 816–818.13. B. Vicente, Proyecto FONDECYT, en vías<strong>de</strong> publicación, 2010.14. Cantwell D. Attention <strong>de</strong>ficit disor<strong>de</strong>r: A reviewof the past 10 years. J Am Acad ChildAdolesc Psychiatry, 1996, 35(8): 978–987.15. Faraone S, Bie<strong>de</strong>rman J, Spencer T,Wilens T, Seidman L, Mick E, et al. Attention-<strong>de</strong>ficit/hyperactivitydisor<strong>de</strong>r in adults:An overview. Biol Psychiatry, 2000, 48(1):9–20.16. Bie<strong>de</strong>rman J, Mick E, Faraone S, BraatenE, Doyle A, Spence T, et al. influence ofgen<strong>de</strong>r on attention-<strong>de</strong>ficit/ hyperactivitydisor<strong>de</strong>r in children referred to a psychiatricclinic. Am J Psychiatry, 2002, 159(1):36–42.17. Barkley R. Attention-<strong>de</strong>ficit hyperactivitydisor<strong>de</strong>r: A handbook for diagnosis andtreatment (3rd ed.). New York: GuilfordPress, 2006, 76–121.18. Pliszka S. Patterns of psychiatric comorbiditywith attention <strong>de</strong>ficit/ hyperactivitydisor<strong>de</strong>r. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin NAm, 2000,9(3): 525–540.19. Tirosh E, Cohen A. Language <strong>de</strong>ficit withattention-<strong>de</strong>ficit disor<strong>de</strong>r:prevalent comorbidity.J Child Neurol, 1998, 13(10): 493–497.152

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