Palabras clave Resumen - ELiES
Palabras clave Resumen - ELiES Palabras clave Resumen - ELiES
María A. Barrios(Mel’čuk and Wanner, 1996) was applied to the domains of LFs, and then the principleof domain inheritance was defined. To implement this principle, a databaseBADELE.3000 was created, so that all predictable collocations could be automaticallyobtained. Consequently, the first aim of this research, that is, to study the domain ofLFs, was accompanied by a second objective: to develop a methodology that wouldspeed up the lexicographical work. The database produced 9,136 collocationsautomatically; out of them, 11, 606 were taken from Bosque (2006, 2004a) and addedmanually after having been formalized; thus a total of 20,739 collocations wereformalized. Moreover, the inheritance of glosses and values for each domain made itnecessary to develop a classification of nouns which was nonexistent until now.Chapter 1 presents a formal typology of 3,300 nouns (those most commonlyused in Spanish, partly extracted from Almela’s et al.’s corpus, 2005). This typology,which was essential for applying the inheritance principle, is based on the traditionalsemantic labels of the MTT that have been renamed as hierarchical semantic labels.Unlike other MTT typologies (cf. Dicouèbe), the one presented here shows that lexicalunits sharing a hierarchical semantic label either belong to the domain of a LF or evenshare some of its values (very rarely any other semantic feature has been resorted). Thisnew typology has been deliberately designed as a linguistic rather than as a conceptualone.The existence of reticular semantic labels (semantic features shared by thoseLFs that do not share hierarchical labels) is proposed. It allows a type of reticularlexicographical entry to be designed. These entries could be suitable as a source ofknowledge for the later development of ontologies. From chapter 2 to 5 we havedefined the types of nouns corresponding to the most productive LFs’ domain and thedomain features that are shared by those nouns. Following paragraphs summarize theconclusions of these chapters.In chapter 2 the problems posed by the fulfillment verbs LFs are studied. I showthat these LFs need a thorough revision, because they express meanings that are notonly related to lexis but also to semantics and pragmatics. Carel & Ducrut’s adversativetests have been applied. It is verified that there is an objective feature that can be“expected” in a substantial amount of the collocations covered by these LFs. Theproblem lies on the fact that such feature varies in certain linguistic contexts due toextralinguistic reasons.434
ConclusionsMoreover, the description of the fulfillment verbs LFs allowed us to observethat both entity nouns as well as situation nouns belong to this group (animal nouns areexcluded, apart from some exceptions). Domain features of these nouns (Ls) weredefined: ‘function’, ‘purpose’ and ‘utility’ (for ENTITIES), and ‘what is normallyexpected of L?’ for SITUATION nouns.Chapter 3 looks into support verbs. One key finding is that among these LFs,Func differs semantically from Oper and Labor. The domain feature imposed byFunc 0 is ‘L exist by doing something in some way’, as in cae la lluvia (rain falls),sopla el viento (wind blows), arde la llama (flame burns), brilla la luz (light shines).Oper and Labor, however, require their bases to be predicates usually having anequivalent verb. The term abstract noun is applied to those nouns that belong to theOper domain. The feature domain that Oper and Labor impose is an ‘actionperformed by somebody’ (dar una vuelta, to go for a walk; hacer una advertencia, towarn somebody), a ‘property that somebody has’ (tener capacidad, to have an ability)or a ‘situation that is experimented’ (tener frío, to be cold). When the predicate refers toan action, it means a) a change of state in one of the actants (ocupación de un país,occupation of a country, implies país ocupado, occupied country); b) a new actantbegins to exist (ha llegado la concesión del ministerio, concession from the ministryhas arrived); c) the same result or effect of the action (el grito de Elena, the scream ofHelen).Chapter 4 shows that some situation nouns from the support verbs domain(encontrar el amor, to find the love; esbozar una sonrisa, to crack a smile; lanzar unacarcajada, burst into laughter) and some situation nouns form the fulfillment verbsdomain (arrancar un motor, to start the engine; prender la cerilla, to light a match,pararse el tren, stop (the train)) belong to the phasal verbs domain. The domainfeatures of phasal nouns of support verbs domain are the following: ‘it can last’ (nounswith this feature combine with durar (to last), ‘it takes place during/for’ (nouns withthis feature combine with durante (during/for) and ‘it is punctual’ (for which there is anoverlap between IncepFunc0 and Func 0 ).The presence or absence of each of these domain features was useful todistinguish a) punctual nouns, which designate instantaneous realities (rayo, ray;chispa, spark; chirrido, creak), which do not combine with durar or durante and forwhich IncepFunc0 and Func 0 overlap; b) last nouns, which designate realities that lastfor some time (tormenta, storm; enfermedad, illness; crisis, crisis) and which combine435
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ConclusionsMoreover, the description of the fulfillment verbs LFs allowed us to observethat both entity nouns as well as situation nouns belong to this group (animal nouns areexcluded, apart from some exceptions). Domain features of these nouns (Ls) weredefined: ‘function’, ‘purpose’ and ‘utility’ (for ENTITIES), and ‘what is normallyexpected of L?’ for SITUATION nouns.Chapter 3 looks into support verbs. One key finding is that among these LFs,Func differs semantically from Oper and Labor. The domain feature imposed byFunc 0 is ‘L exist by doing something in some way’, as in cae la lluvia (rain falls),sopla el viento (wind blows), arde la llama (flame burns), brilla la luz (light shines).Oper and Labor, however, require their bases to be predicates usually having anequivalent verb. The term abstract noun is applied to those nouns that belong to theOper domain. The feature domain that Oper and Labor impose is an ‘actionperformed by somebody’ (dar una vuelta, to go for a walk; hacer una advertencia, towarn somebody), a ‘property that somebody has’ (tener capacidad, to have an ability)or a ‘situation that is experimented’ (tener frío, to be cold). When the predicate refers toan action, it means a) a change of state in one of the actants (ocupación de un país,occupation of a country, implies país ocupado, occupied country); b) a new actantbegins to exist (ha llegado la concesión del ministerio, concession from the ministryhas arrived); c) the same result or effect of the action (el grito de Elena, the scream ofHelen).Chapter 4 shows that some situation nouns from the support verbs domain(encontrar el amor, to find the love; esbozar una sonrisa, to crack a smile; lanzar unacarcajada, burst into laughter) and some situation nouns form the fulfillment verbsdomain (arrancar un motor, to start the engine; prender la cerilla, to light a match,pararse el tren, stop (the train)) belong to the phasal verbs domain. The domainfeatures of phasal nouns of support verbs domain are the following: ‘it can last’ (nounswith this feature combine with durar (to last), ‘it takes place during/for’ (nouns withthis feature combine with durante (during/for) and ‘it is punctual’ (for which there is anoverlap between IncepFunc0 and Func 0 ).The presence or absence of each of these domain features was useful todistinguish a) punctual nouns, which designate instantaneous realities (rayo, ray;chispa, spark; chirrido, creak), which do not combine with durar or durante and forwhich IncepFunc0 and Func 0 overlap; b) last nouns, which designate realities that lastfor some time (tormenta, storm; enfermedad, illness; crisis, crisis) and which combine435