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Los incendios forestales en la reserva de la biosfera Sierra de ...

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144E. J. JARDEL PELÀEZ • F. CASTILLO NAVARRO • R. RAMÍREZ VILLEDA • J. C. CHACÓN MATHIEUÓ. E. BALCÁZAR MEDINAque los bosques ejidales o comunales. Dado que <strong>la</strong> mayor parte <strong>de</strong> los<strong>inc<strong>en</strong>dios</strong> <strong>forestales</strong> son antrópicos y que existe una re<strong>la</strong>ción <strong>en</strong>tre suincid<strong>en</strong>cia y variables como <strong>la</strong> t<strong>en</strong><strong>en</strong>cia <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> tierra, <strong>de</strong>be consi<strong>de</strong>rarseque el <strong>en</strong>t<strong>en</strong>dimi<strong>en</strong>to <strong>de</strong> los procesos sociales es tan importante comoel <strong>de</strong> los factores ecológicos <strong>en</strong> el <strong>de</strong>sarrollo <strong>de</strong> estrategias <strong>de</strong> manejo<strong>de</strong>l fuego.Pa<strong>la</strong>bras c<strong>la</strong>ve: ecología <strong>de</strong>l fuego, <strong>inc<strong>en</strong>dios</strong> <strong>forestales</strong>, régim<strong>en</strong> <strong>de</strong> propiedad,<strong>reserva</strong>s <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>biosfera</strong>, sistemas <strong>de</strong> información geográfica.AbstractWildfire occurr<strong>en</strong>ce in the <strong>Sierra</strong> <strong>de</strong> Manantlán Biosphere Reserve(SMBR) was analyzed as part of a fire managem<strong>en</strong>t p<strong>la</strong>nning process inthis protected area. Using firefighting crews field reports and fieldassessm<strong>en</strong>ts, a database within a geographic information system wasconstructed, covering the 1995-2003 period. We found that the annualmean of total burned area was 6,851.7 ± 1,291.1 ha (4.9% of SMBR area),and that most fires affect less than 300 ha, with a mo<strong>de</strong> of 50 ha. A33.5% of fires were caused by agricultural burning, 15.8% by burningassociated with illegal crops production, and the remaining 18.3% byother anthropog<strong>en</strong>ic causes. The cause was not <strong>de</strong>termined for 32.4%of reported fires. A 37.0% of fires occurred in pine forests and 27.3 % inoak forests, both being resistant or resili<strong>en</strong>t to fire. Proportionately moreforest area is burned in private properties that in communal or ejido<strong>la</strong>nds. Giv<strong>en</strong> that most wildfires are anthropog<strong>en</strong>ic and that a re<strong>la</strong>tionexist betwe<strong>en</strong> fire incid<strong>en</strong>ce and variables like <strong>la</strong>nd t<strong>en</strong>ure, it must beconsi<strong>de</strong>red that for fire managem<strong>en</strong>t, un<strong>de</strong>rstanding social processesis as important as un<strong>de</strong>rstanding ecological factors.Keywords: fire ecology, wildfire, <strong>la</strong>nd t<strong>en</strong>ure, biosphere reserve, GIS.IntroducciónEntre los factores <strong>de</strong> disturbio que influy<strong>en</strong> <strong>en</strong> <strong>la</strong> estructura, funcionami<strong>en</strong>toy dinámica <strong>de</strong> los ecosistemas terrestres, el fuego es sin dudauno <strong>de</strong> los más importantes y ubicuos (White 1979, Pyne 1996, Rowell

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