Introducción a Series de Tiempo Univariadas - Centro Microdatos

Introducción a Series de Tiempo Univariadas - Centro Microdatos Introducción a Series de Tiempo Univariadas - Centro Microdatos

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Introducción a Series de Tiempo UnivariadasDecember 31, 2010dfuller imacec, regress drift lags(0)Dickey-Fuller test for unit root Number of obs = 297----------- Z(t) has t-distribution -----------Test 1% Critical 5% Critical 10% CriticalStatistic Value Value Value------------------------------------------------------------------------------Z(t) -1.386 -2.339 -1.650 -1.284------------------------------------------------------------------------------p-value for Z(t) = 0.0835------------------------------------------------------------------------------D.imacec | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------imacec |L1. | -.0131869 .0095172 -1.39 0.167 -.0319171 .0055434|_cons | 1.422699 .8394634 1.69 0.091 -.2293968 3.074795------------------------------------------------------------------------------dfuller imacec, regress nocon lags(0)Dickey-Fuller test for unit root Number of obs = 297---------- Interpolated Dickey-Fuller ---------Test 1% Critical 5% Critical 10% CriticalStatistic Value Value Value------------------------------------------------------------------------------Z(t) 0.660 -2.580 -1.950 -1.620------------------------------------------------------------------------------D.imacec | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------imacec |L1. | .002058 .0031184 0.66 0.510 -.004079 .008195------------------------------------------------------------------------------El test de Dickey-Fuller original está pensado para un proceso autoregresivo de orden superior seutiliza el test Dickey Fuller Aumentado (ADF):La cantidad de rezagos a considerar se puede escoger de manera óptima según criterios deinformación.El test de Phillips y Perron (1988), bastante popular en series de tiempo financieras, difiere deltest ADF en la forma que se considera la presencia de heterocedasticidad y/o autocorrelación deorden superior. En particular el test ADF trata de incorporar la cantidad de rezagos necesaria paramodelar este comportamiento, el test PP no incorpora rezagos sino que estima el modeloconsiderando la presencia de esto en el error.Por ejemplo, para la serie desempleo:70

Introducción a Series de Tiempo UnivariadasDecember 31, 2010use " desempleo.dta", cleartsset fechatime variable: fecha, 1986m2 to 2010m2delta: 1 monthpperron desempleo, regressPhillips-Perron test for unit root Number of obs = 288Newey-West lags = 5---------- Interpolated Dickey-Fuller ---------Test 1% Critical 5% Critical 10% CriticalStatistic Value Value Value------------------------------------------------------------------------------Z(rho) -20.676 -20.330 -14.000 -11.200Z(t) -3.599 -3.457 -2.878 -2.570------------------------------------------------------------------------------MacKinnon approximate p-value for Z(t) = 0.0058------------------------------------------------------------------------------desempleo | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------desempleo |L1. | .9590234 .0135501 70.78 0.000 .9323527 .985694|_cons | .3318935 .1179364 2.81 0.005 .09976 .5640271------------------------------------------------------------------------------VI.3. Estimación de modelos ARIMAUtilicemos la base de datos turksales.dta, que contiene información trimestral de la venta de pavoen los noventas.use "turksales.dta", cleartsset ttwoway (tsline sales, lcolor(cranberry)), ytitle(venta de pavo)ttitle(trimestre)71

Introducción a <strong>Series</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Tiempo</strong> <strong>Univariadas</strong>December 31, 2010use " <strong>de</strong>sempleo.dta", cleartsset fechatime variable: fecha, 1986m2 to 2010m2<strong>de</strong>lta: 1 monthpperron <strong>de</strong>sempleo, regressPhillips-Perron test for unit root Number of obs = 288Newey-West lags = 5---------- Interpolated Dickey-Fuller ---------Test 1% Critical 5% Critical 10% CriticalStatistic Value Value Value------------------------------------------------------------------------------Z(rho) -20.676 -20.330 -14.000 -11.200Z(t) -3.599 -3.457 -2.878 -2.570------------------------------------------------------------------------------MacKinnon approximate p-value for Z(t) = 0.0058------------------------------------------------------------------------------<strong>de</strong>sempleo | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------<strong>de</strong>sempleo |L1. | .9590234 .0135501 70.78 0.000 .9323527 .985694|_cons | .3318935 .1179364 2.81 0.005 .09976 .5640271------------------------------------------------------------------------------VI.3. Estimación <strong>de</strong> mo<strong>de</strong>los ARIMAUtilicemos la base <strong>de</strong> datos turksales.dta, que contiene información trimestral <strong>de</strong> la venta <strong>de</strong> pavoen los noventas.use "turksales.dta", cleartsset ttwoway (tsline sales, lcolor(cranberry)), ytitle(venta <strong>de</strong> pavo)ttitle(trimestre)71

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