NAVEGACION ANTARTICA - Iho-ohi.net
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NAVEGACION ANTARTICA - Iho-ohi.net

NAVEGACION ANTARTICA - Iho-ohi.net NAVEGACION ANTARTICA - Iho-ohi.net

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ANTARCTICA Enclosed by cold sea currents Antarctic seas present a simple pattern of oceanic circulation: clockwise Antarctic seas with coldest summers; air temperatures between 0 o & -4 o C Sea ice surrounds the continent and the fresh ice Old sea ice, of several years, commonly lacks pronounced patterns of pools and drainage Sea ice of minor consistence Presents the major stational variation of sea ice extension: above the 75% of covered surface ARTIC Affected by the Gulf calid current Three different patterns of oceanic circulation: clockwise, counterclockwise and meridional More calid summers, with significative air temperatures above de 0 o C Sea ice is surrounded by the continent and fresh ice Old sea ice, of several years, commonly shows consistence patterns of pools and drainage Sea ice harder Confined sea ice, without presenting such grate Antarctic stational variations of extent * Research * Technical-scientific knowledge of the region in general poor, limited to summer campaigns and activities In the past, predominant summer activities and annual settlements Today, annual intense activities of selected countries. The rest maintain past conditions Wide and exhaustive technical-scientific knowledge of the region, extended to the Antarctic, by several institutions and universities of the Norther Hemisphere In the past, all year long activities of the countries involved in the region Today, as in the past, with great intensity of investigations A11 - 4

BIBLIOGRAFIA NAUTICA RECOMENDADA • CANADIAN COAST GUARD Module ( CG Command) 12.3 COMMAND OF AN ICEBREAKER TP 4338 E ( VOL 3 ) 1995 • Parnell ( 1986 ) ICE SEAMANSHIP (Monograph) London , Nautical Institute • MC DONALD (1965) POLAR SHIPPHANDLING Washington-Artic Institute of America • JENKINS ( 1988) POLAR OPERATION MANUAL ( SO 300-A5-MAN 0101 ) U.S. Navy • ANTARCTIC PILOT ( U.K.) • DERROTERO ANTARTICO CHILENO • DERROTERO ARGENTINO- Parte V – Antártida • MARINER´ S HANDBOOK ( U.K.) • MANUAL DE NAVEGACION ( Chile) • MANUAL DE NAVEGACIÓN ( Argentina) • HANDBOOK ON NAVIGATION IN AREAS AFECTED BY ICE (WMO) Revision • ADMIRALTY MANUAL OF NAVIGATION - Vol. I ( U.K.) • ANTARTIC SAILING DIRECTIONS – Pub.200 (U.S.A.) • MANUAL OF ICE SEAMANSHIP – H.O. 551 ( U.S.A.) • MANUALES DE LAS SOCIEDADES DE CLASIFICACION (Capítulos de Clasificación para Hielo) • ROUTEIN CHARTS • PILOT CHARTS

BIBLIOGRAFIA NAUTICA RECOMENDADA<br />

• CANADIAN COAST GUARD Module ( CG Command) 12.3<br />

COMMAND OF AN ICEBREAKER TP 4338 E ( VOL 3 ) 1995<br />

• Parnell ( 1986 ) ICE SEAMANSHIP (Monograph)<br />

London , Nautical Institute<br />

• MC DONALD (1965) POLAR SHIPPHANDLING<br />

Washington-Artic Institute of America<br />

• JENKINS ( 1988) POLAR OPERATION MANUAL<br />

( SO 300-A5-MAN 0101 ) U.S. Navy<br />

• ANTARCTIC PILOT ( U.K.)<br />

• DERROTERO ANTARTICO CHILENO<br />

• DERROTERO ARGENTINO- Parte V – Antártida<br />

• MARINER´ S HANDBOOK ( U.K.)<br />

• MANUAL DE <strong>NAVEGACION</strong> ( Chile)<br />

• MANUAL DE NAVEGACIÓN ( Argentina)<br />

• HANDBOOK ON NAVIGATION IN AREAS AFECTED BY ICE (WMO) Revision<br />

• ADMIRALTY MANUAL OF NAVIGATION - Vol. I ( U.K.)<br />

• ANTARTIC SAILING DIRECTIONS – Pub.200 (U.S.A.)<br />

• MANUAL OF ICE SEAMANSHIP – H.O. 551 ( U.S.A.)<br />

• MANUALES DE LAS SOCIEDADES DE CLASIFICACION (Capítulos de<br />

Clasificación para Hielo)<br />

• ROUTEIN CHARTS<br />

• PILOT CHARTS

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