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Modelo de Equilibrio General Aplicado Tributario - Centro de ...

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Resumen<br />

La evasión tributaria constituye uno <strong>de</strong> los factores<br />

distorsionantes más preocupantes para el Estado en<br />

lo que se refiere a la recaudación <strong>de</strong> impuestos; motivo<br />

por el cual se ha incentivado la investigación y<br />

análisis <strong>de</strong> sus posibles causas y consecuencias <strong>de</strong>ntro<br />

<strong>de</strong>l sistema económico. En Ecuador, a pesar <strong>de</strong>l<br />

consi<strong>de</strong>rable esfuerzo <strong>de</strong> la autoridad tributaria por<br />

aumentar y/o expandir su dominio y control, este<br />

factor ha marcado siempre la diferencia en la recaudación<br />

y cuestionado la eficiencia <strong>de</strong> los procesos<br />

empleados para aumentarla. En esta línea, el presente<br />

documento exhibe el <strong>de</strong>sarrollo <strong>de</strong>l <strong>Mo<strong>de</strong>lo</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>Equilibrio</strong> <strong>General</strong> <strong>Aplicado</strong> <strong>Tributario</strong> (MEGAT) para<br />

el análisis contrafactual <strong>de</strong> un amplio conjunto <strong>de</strong><br />

políticas tributarias, que incorpora el comportamiento<br />

<strong>de</strong> evasión en la recaudación <strong>de</strong>l Impuesto al Valor<br />

Agregado (IVA) e Impuesto a la Renta Causado (IRC).<br />

Para ello, se adoptan algunos enfoques particulares<br />

como el mo<strong>de</strong>lo A-S en el pago <strong>de</strong> impuestos directos<br />

y la perspectiva <strong>de</strong> Marrelli en el pago <strong>de</strong> impuestos<br />

indirectos. Por otro lado, la estructura pilar <strong>de</strong>l sistema<br />

<strong>de</strong> equilibrio así como <strong>de</strong> la Matriz <strong>de</strong> Contabilidad<br />

Social son tomados a partir <strong>de</strong>l <strong>Mo<strong>de</strong>lo</strong> Ecuatoriano<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>Equilibrio</strong> <strong>General</strong> <strong>Aplicado</strong> (MEEGA), actualizados<br />

al entorno económico más reciente 2004.<br />

Abstract<br />

Evasion is one of the most concerning and distorting factors<br />

for the government on tax collection; that is why its<br />

searching and the analysis of their possible causes and<br />

consequences has been motivated within the economic<br />

system. In Ecuador, <strong>de</strong>spite of the consi<strong>de</strong>rable effort of<br />

tributary authority for increasing and/or expanding its<br />

field and control, this factor has always pointed out the<br />

difference in collection and questioned the efficiency of<br />

the process used for increasing it. At this line, the present<br />

paper exhibits the <strong>de</strong>velopment of Tributary Applied<br />

<strong>General</strong> Equilibrium Mo<strong>de</strong>l (MEGAT) for the counterfactual<br />

analysis of a wi<strong>de</strong> set of tributary policies, that<br />

inclu<strong>de</strong>s the evasion behavior in the collection of Add-<br />

Valorem-Tax (IVA) and Income-Tax (IRC). In <strong>de</strong>ed, we<br />

adopt some particular i<strong>de</strong>as from A-S mo<strong>de</strong>l in the direct<br />

tax payment and the perspective of Marrelli in the indirect<br />

tax payment. On the other hand, the fundamental<br />

structure for the equilibrium system, as well as the Social<br />

Accounting Matrix, is taken from <strong>de</strong> Applied Ecuadorian<br />

<strong>General</strong> Equilibrium Mo<strong>de</strong>l (MEEGA), and updated to the<br />

most recent economic environment 2004.

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