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V Encuentro Sud Americano de Colisiones Inelásticas en la Materia Chemical Characterization of Fish-Otoliths using Micro-PIXE Stori, E. M. 1 , Dias, J. F. 1 , Favero, J. M. 2 , Dias, J. F. 2 1 Laboratório de Implantação Iônica – Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS , Brasil 2 Instituto de Oceanografia – Universidade Estadual de São Paulo – São Paulo, SP, Brasil email address corresponding author: elistori@gmail.com Fishes contain a group of three pairs of bone structures in their ear that are responsible for hearing and equilibrium. These structures grow in layers that look like rings if sectioned (figure 1). [1] of interest and its position in the otolith. [5][6] The knowledge of the trace elements present in different rings would allow to establish a relation between different places the fish have lived and the stages of its life. Figure 2 shows calcium maps of a juvenile fish otolith, in which can be observed the growth rings through the difference of intensity of the calcium signal. Figure 1. Sectioned otolith showing growth rings [2] There are very well developed studies that relate the rings in the otoliths with the fishes’ age. While in adult’s otoliths the rings may represent years of age, in juvenile fishes and larvae the rings represent days. [1] Moreover, the otoliths may give information of fish migration pattern or their origin by determining the trace elements contained in them. [3][4] The micro-PIXE technique (micro- Particle Induced X-Ray Emission) is not regularly used to determine trace elements in otoliths. Its advantages include the nondestructive character of the technique, and the possibility of a spacial characterization of the elements, enabling a more accurate analysis of the relation between the trace element (a) (b) Figure 2. Calcium maps of a juvenile fish otolith (a) the entire otolith and (b) a more detailed map of the central region of the otolith. 20 Valparaíso, Chile
V Encuentro Sud Americano de Colisiones Inelásticas en la Materia References [1] STEVENSON, D.K. and S.E. CAMPANA [ed]. 1992. Otolith microstructure examination and analysis. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 117: 130 pp [2] Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency website: http://www.tnfish.org/AgeGrowth_TWRA/TWR A_FishAgeGrowth.htm [3] Bradbury, I. R., Campana, S. E., and Bentzen, P. 2008. Otolith elemental composition and adult tagging reveal spawning site fidelity and estuarine dependency in rainbow smelt. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 368:255-268. [4] CAMPANA, S. E., VALENTIN, A., SÉVI- GNY, J.-M., and POWER, D. 2007. Tracking seasonal migrations of redfish (Sebastes spp.) in and around the Gulf of St. Lawrence using otolith elemental fingerprints. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 64:6-18. [5] Johansson, S., Campbell, K. M., Particle- Induced X-ray Emission Spectrometry (PIXE), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1995) [6] Grime, G. W. and Watt, F., Beam Optics of Quadrupole Probe-forming Systems, Adam Higler Ltd., Bristol (1983) 21 Valparaíso, Chile
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