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Balance energético y comportamiento reproductivo ABSTRACT Escalera L, Flores-Sandoval F, Escobar Medina FJ. Effect of negative energy balance on reproductive competence in dairy cow. Dairy cattle <strong>de</strong>creases dry matter intake around the parturition, this hypophagia driving energy balance to a substantially negative state. The negative energy balance affects the reproductive competence: increases the intervals between parturition-ovulation and parturition-conception, moreover could reduce the expression of estrous behavior. This review focuses in the relation between the negative energy balance and the postpartum ovarian activity, the estrus expression and the pregnancy maintenance in dairy cattle. <strong>Veterinaria</strong> <strong>Zacatecas</strong> <strong>2005</strong>; 2: 179-191 Key words: negative energy balance, dairy cow, reproduction. 191