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EL PARTICULARISMO RECONSIDERADO. ORIENTACION DE LA ACCION Y CONTEXTO INSTITUCIONAL<br />

RESUMEN<br />

Este estudio llama la atención sobre el prejuicio latente en el uso de la idea del «particularismo»<br />

en la sociología contemporánea, y analiza las fuentes de dicho prejuicio en la tradición teórica<br />

de la sociología de la acción. Recurriendo a la crítica postweberiana de la burocracia, se<br />

muestra que tanto el universalismo como el particularismo son categorías equívocas, que abarcan<br />

fenómenos de signo muy distinto —benignos y perversos—, y que lo decisivo son los usos que<br />

los actores sociales hacen de ellos. Finalmente, se recurre a los casos del reclutamiento del profesorado<br />

universitario en Italia y en Inglaterra con objeto de explorar la relación existente entre<br />

contexto institucional y tipo de particularismo —perverso o benigno.<br />

ABSTRACT<br />

In this study, it is argued that the concept of particularism is usually misunderstood, and<br />

that such misunderstanding stems from an entrenched prejudice with roots in the theoretical<br />

tradition of the sociology of action. Drawing on the tradition of the post-weberian analysis of<br />

bureaucracy, it is shown that both universalism and particularism are equivocal categories, which<br />

embrace phenomena with very different meanings and consequences. In this context, it is argued<br />

that what is crucial it is not universalism or particularism as such, but the uses that social actors<br />

made of them. In the last section, the recruitment processes of university professors in Italy and<br />

England are examined in order to grasp the nature of the relationship between institutional context<br />

and types of particularism —beneficial or perverse.<br />

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