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14. Materiales <strong>de</strong> baja emisión secundaria<br />

para prevenir el efecto multipactor en<br />

instrumentos <strong>de</strong> rf <strong>de</strong> alta potencia en<br />

el espacio<br />

Se han estudiado recubrimientos antimultipactor <strong>de</strong><br />

baja emisión secundaria <strong>de</strong> electrones para las aleaciones<br />

<strong>de</strong> Al usadas en la industria aeroespacial, basados<br />

en nuevos materiales y procesos <strong>de</strong> preparación que<br />

mejoran significativamente al recubrimiento “alodine”<br />

estándar <strong>de</strong> referencia <strong>de</strong> la Agencia Europea <strong>de</strong>l<br />

Espacio. Los experimentos realizados indican que los<br />

recubrimientos <strong>de</strong> nitruro <strong>de</strong> Ti, V y Cr, innovadores en<br />

este campo, disminuyen, aún más, la emisión secundaria<br />

que realimenta las <strong>de</strong>scargas electrónicas en vacío,<br />

es <strong>de</strong>cir el efecto Multipactor, que limita la potencia <strong>de</strong><br />

los equipos <strong>de</strong> radio-frecuencia en el espacio. Los procesos<br />

<strong>de</strong> preparación utilizando haces <strong>de</strong> iones <strong>de</strong> baja<br />

y alta energía, modifican la naturaleza química y la<br />

estructura electrónica, así como la morfología <strong>de</strong> la<br />

superficie a escala nanométrica para la optimización <strong>de</strong><br />

las propieda<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> emisión secundaria. Se ha estudiado<br />

la emisión secundaria <strong>de</strong> electrones y la estabilidad<br />

frente a las condiciones <strong>de</strong> funcionamiento, procesos<br />

<strong>de</strong> oxidación, absorción y <strong>de</strong>sorción. La caracterización<br />

<strong>de</strong> los recubrimientos se ha realizado mediante técnicas<br />

<strong>de</strong> análisis espectroscópico <strong>de</strong> superficies SEE, XPS,<br />

AES y ESD y con radiación sincrotrón UPS, XAS (EXAFS,<br />

NEXAFS).<br />

14. Low secondary electron emission<br />

materials to prevent multipactor effect in<br />

high power rf equipment in space<br />

New antimultipactor coatings with low secondary electron<br />

emission for Al alloys used in space industry were<br />

studied. These coatings are based on new materials<br />

and preparation processes that improve on the “alodine”<br />

coating, reference standard <strong>of</strong> the European Space<br />

Agency. The coatings <strong>of</strong> Ti, V and Cr, <strong>de</strong>crease further<br />

the SEE that feeds back the electronic discharge in<br />

vacuum known as Multipactor Effect, the main factor<br />

limiting the power or radio frequency equipment in<br />

space missions. Preparation processes with ion beams<br />

<strong>of</strong> low and high energy were used to modify chemical<br />

bonding and electronic structure as well as morphology<br />

<strong>of</strong> the surfaces in a nanometric scale, in or<strong>de</strong>r to optimize<br />

SEE properties. We have studied the studied the<br />

secondary electron emission, stability un<strong>de</strong>r operating<br />

conditions, oxidation, absorption and <strong>de</strong>sorption, . For<br />

surface coatings characterization spectroscopies as<br />

XPS, AES, ESD and SEE, and also synchrotron radiation<br />

spectroscopies as UPS, XAS (NEXAFS, EXAFS), were<br />

used.<br />

1. L.Galán, M.García, J.M.Ripalda, I.Montero, E.Román, D.R.Batchelor and P.R.Bressler, Applied Physics Letter, 84 (2004) 4433-4435.<br />

15. Medida <strong>de</strong> frentes rugosos y <strong>de</strong>terminación<br />

<strong>de</strong> la estructura cristalina asociada<br />

La relación entre el frente <strong>de</strong>crecimiento superficial y la<br />

estructura <strong>de</strong> laminas policristalinas is un tema básico<br />

para enten<strong>de</strong>r la nanoestructura <strong>de</strong> las laminas obtenidas<br />

por evaporación. Siendo las laminas <strong>de</strong> Au así obtenidas<br />

un ejemplo representativo. En este sistema<br />

hemos <strong>de</strong>terminado los exponentes <strong>de</strong> escalado <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>l<br />

ancho <strong>de</strong> intercara y ensanchamiento lateral en el rango<br />

<strong>de</strong> espesores <strong>de</strong> 30 a 1800 nm obtenidos mediante<br />

métodos <strong>de</strong> análisis bidimensionales <strong>de</strong> imágenes <strong>de</strong><br />

STM (1). El ensanchamiento lateral <strong>de</strong> las protuberancias<br />

superficiales escala con d t 1/3 , . El ancho <strong>de</strong> intercara<br />

escala en dos etapas. En la segunda, <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> 60nm<br />

<strong>de</strong> espesor, escala como w t 1/3 . Los estudios <strong>de</strong> microscopía<br />

electrónica <strong>de</strong> transmisión, revelan que las laminas<br />

están compuestas <strong>de</strong> Placas casi monocristalinas<br />

formadas por agrupación <strong>de</strong> columnas y columnas que<br />

constituyen zonas policristalinas. La distribución unimodal<br />

<strong>de</strong> alturas locales indica que ambas estructuras<br />

sugiere que la morfología superficial en que terminan<br />

ambos tipos <strong>de</strong> estructuras <strong>de</strong>ben estar controlados<br />

por el mismo fenómeno superficial.<br />

15. Measurement <strong>of</strong> rough growth fronts<br />

and <strong>de</strong>termination <strong>of</strong> their associated<br />

crystalline structure<br />

The relation between the surface growth front and the<br />

structure <strong>of</strong> polycrystalline films is basic topic to<br />

un<strong>de</strong>rstand the nanostructure <strong>of</strong> evaporated film being<br />

the Au polycrystalline films evaporated on an amorphous<br />

substrate a common and representative example.<br />

In the study <strong>of</strong> this system we have <strong>de</strong>termined the<br />

scaling exponents <strong>of</strong> interface width and coarsening. In<br />

the 30 to 1800 nm thickness range obtained from two<br />

dimensional measurements on scanning tunneling<br />

microscopy images. The lateral size <strong>of</strong> protrusion on<br />

the surface <strong>of</strong> the films increases with a constant scaling<br />

exponent n 1/3. The interface width grows in two<br />

stages. The final stage starts at 60 nm and corresponds<br />

to a time scaling exponent <strong>of</strong> 1/3 with a constant<br />

slope morphology. STM results are compared with<br />

transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images where<br />

low contrast structures can be observed on large crystalline<br />

plates. The structures observed correspond either<br />

to a mound growth or to an array <strong>of</strong> columns with low<br />

grain boundaries between them. Other smaller crystalline<br />

components are observed in polycrystalline areas<br />

and can be assigned to columnar tops The practically<br />

unimodal gaussian distribution <strong>of</strong> local heights, indicates<br />

that the surface morphologies arising from these<br />

two bulk structural components are not very different<br />

and suggests that both morphologies are controlled by<br />

the same atomic surface diffusion phenomena.<br />

1. C.Munuera, J.A. Aznárez, E.Rodríguez-Cañas Oliva A. I.; Aguilar M. and Sacedón J. L. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A22 1767 (2004)<br />

Proyectos: Mat 2002-395<br />

135

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