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3. Nanopartículas magnéticas con aplicaciones<br />

biomédicas<br />

Se han preparado nanopartículas magnéticas <strong>de</strong> diferente<br />

naturaleza (óxidos <strong>de</strong> hierro, Co, FePt, etc.) muy<br />

uniformes en tamaño y forma, utilizando varios métodos<br />

<strong>de</strong> síntesis: hidrólisis en solución, coprecipitación,<br />

<strong>de</strong>scomposición <strong>de</strong> precursores orgánicos a alta temperatura,<br />

pirólisis láser y spray pirólisis. A partir <strong>de</strong><br />

algunos <strong>de</strong> estos materiales se han preparado suspensiones<br />

coloidales estables variando la naturaleza <strong>de</strong>l<br />

recubrimiento (<strong>de</strong>xtrano, sílice). Se ha caracterizado la<br />

composición y estructura <strong>de</strong> las partículas, las propieda<strong>de</strong>s<br />

coloidales y su comportamiento magnético a<br />

diversas temperaturas a fin <strong>de</strong> po<strong>de</strong>r evaluar su posible<br />

utilización en medios <strong>de</strong> grabación magnética(1) y en<br />

biomedicina(2-3), en concreto en separación selectiva o<br />

como agentes <strong>de</strong> contraste en imágenes <strong>de</strong> resonancia<br />

magnética nuclear.<br />

3. Magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical<br />

applications<br />

Magnetic nanoparticles based on iron oxi<strong>de</strong> and metal<br />

particles very uniform in size and shape have been prepared<br />

by different routes: Hydrolysis in solution, coprecipitation,<br />

<strong>de</strong>composition <strong>of</strong> organic precursors at high<br />

temperature, laser and thermal pyrolysis. Starting from<br />

some <strong>of</strong> this materials, stable colloidal suspensions<br />

have been obtained using different coating (<strong>de</strong>xtran,<br />

silica). The composition and structure <strong>of</strong> the particles,<br />

the colloidal properties and its magnetic behaviour at<br />

different temperatures have been studied in or<strong>de</strong>r to<br />

evaluate its possible application as magnetic recording<br />

media(1) or in biomedicine(2-3), in particular for selective<br />

separation or contrast agents for NMR imaging.<br />

1. Núñez, N.O.; Tartaj, P.; Morales, M.P.; Bonville, P.; Serna, C.J. Chem. Mater. 16, 3119-3124 (2004)<br />

2. Tartaj, P.; Gonzalez-Carreño, T.; Ferrer, M.L.; Serna, C.J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43, 6304-6037 (2004)<br />

3. Tartaj, P.; Gonzalez-Carreño, T.; Serna, C.J. Adv. Mater. 16, 529-533 (2004)<br />

Proyectos: CICYT- MAT2002-04001-C02-02<br />

4. Tintas resistentes a altas temperaturas<br />

para sistemas <strong>de</strong> impresión por or<strong>de</strong>nador<br />

<strong>de</strong> productos semiacabados<br />

El Proyecto tiene como objetivo la preparación <strong>de</strong> tintas<br />

para ser impresas sobre superficies vítreas, cerámicas o<br />

metálicas mediante sistemas controlados por or<strong>de</strong>nador<br />

y a muy altas temperaturas (800-1100 C) en aplicaciones<br />

<strong>de</strong>corativas <strong>de</strong> productos semiacabados.<br />

A<strong>de</strong>más, estos materiales tienen que tener buenas<br />

características mecánicas, química, buena adhesión y<br />

estabilidad a luz UV. El método Sol-Gel se presenta<br />

como una interesante opción a ser utilizada en este<br />

proyecto, principalmente por su capacidad <strong>de</strong> po<strong>de</strong>r<br />

manipular las matrices (inorgánicas o híbridas orgánicas-inorgánicas)<br />

y obtener los pigmentos o nanopartículas<br />

a<strong>de</strong>cuadas que cumplan los requisitos a<strong>de</strong>cuados<br />

para su uso en tintas <strong>de</strong> color <strong>de</strong> estas características.<br />

El consorcio <strong>de</strong> este proyecto esta formado por Coates<br />

Electrographics, que es una importante industria experta<br />

en manufacturación <strong>de</strong> tintas; Cer<strong>de</strong>c, que es un<br />

fabricante <strong>de</strong> pigmentos; Philips, St Gobain, y<br />

Hoogovens, que serán los tres mayores end-users en<br />

diferentes sectores industriales <strong>de</strong> los materiales en<br />

<strong>de</strong>sarrollo y en su aplicación; Wie<strong>de</strong>nbach, que es un<br />

lí<strong>de</strong>r en la fabricación <strong>de</strong> impresoras y equipamiento<br />

para impresión controlada; y dos centros <strong>de</strong> investigación:<br />

Bristol University en la parte <strong>de</strong> coloi<strong>de</strong> química y<br />

el ICMM para la investigación fundamental y <strong>de</strong>sarrollo<br />

<strong>de</strong> la tecnología Sol-Gel, Nanopartículas, pigmentos y<br />

colorantes.<br />

4. High-temperature inks and computerized<br />

reliable printing system for marking<br />

and <strong>de</strong>coration <strong>of</strong> products and semifinished<br />

products- INCOREDEC<br />

Ever-increasing market requirements impose new<br />

<strong>de</strong>mands on fast and flexible marking and <strong>de</strong>coration<br />

<strong>of</strong> products and semi-finished products, especially in<br />

processes and products that involve high temperatures<br />

(up to 800 C). Marking is important for tracing purposes<br />

during the manufacturing process, thus allowing<br />

quality control and yield improvement; Decorating activities<br />

should take place at the end <strong>of</strong> the production<br />

line, where items can be given distinctive, customised,<br />

markings. To achieve this a very reliable process is<br />

necessary, because the ad<strong>de</strong>d value is high. A computer-controlled<br />

printing process will be nee<strong>de</strong>d; and for<br />

current s<strong>of</strong>tware-driven/computer-controlled printing<br />

processes no satisfactory temperature-resistant inks<br />

are available. This project aims to <strong>de</strong>velop a range <strong>of</strong><br />

inks that are suitable for marking/<strong>de</strong>corating glass,<br />

ceramics, and metals; that have the advantages listed<br />

above; and that can be used in s<strong>of</strong>tware-controlled,<br />

non-contact, printing equipment. Such inks will have to<br />

be resistant to high temperatures over a long period <strong>of</strong><br />

time. The consortium comprises the complete chain:<br />

Coates Electrographics, a world-renowned ink manufacturer;<br />

Cer<strong>de</strong>c, an ink pigment manufacturer; Philips, St<br />

Gobain, and Hoogovens, three major end-users in three<br />

different industrial sectors <strong>of</strong> the <strong>de</strong>veloped materials<br />

and equipment; Wie<strong>de</strong>nbach, a leading manufacturer <strong>of</strong><br />

printing equipment; and two Research Centers: Bristol<br />

University for Colloids Chemistry and ICMM for fundamental<br />

research in sol-gel technology and<br />

Nanoparticles, pigments and dyes.<br />

1. M. Zayat and D. Levy. Chem. Mater. 12(9), 2000: 2763-2769.<br />

2. M. Zayat and D. Levy. J. Sol-Gel Sci. and Technol., 25(3), 2002: 201-206.<br />

Proyectos: Contrato Industrial FERRO: “Investigación y <strong>de</strong>sarrollo <strong>de</strong> nuevos pigmentos y tintas para impresoras ink-jet basados en nanoparticulas”.<br />

CE-BRITE/EURAM: BE97-4605 (COST CONTRACT N.BRPR-CT98-0732): “High-Temperature Inks and Computerized Reliable<br />

Prynting System for Marking and Decoration <strong>of</strong> Products and Semi-Finished Products”- INCOREDEC<br />

CICYT-MAT98-1637-CE: “Tintas <strong>de</strong> Alta Temperatura y Sistemas <strong>de</strong> Imprenta Fiables por Or<strong>de</strong>nador y Productos Semiacabados<br />

114

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