Diversidad y control biológico de insectos - CyberTesis UACh ...

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ANEXOS............................................................................................................................155 ANEXO 1. ÍNDICES DE SEVERIDAD DE LOS EFECTOS NO DESEADOS DEL CB SUGERIDOS POR LYNCH Y THOMAS (2000)..........................................................................................156 ANEXO 2. CATEGORÍAS PARA LA EVALUACIÓN DE RIESGO BASADAS EN EL EFECTO TOTAL DE LOS PESTICIDAS (ADAPTADO DE AMANO Y HASEEB 2001)................................157 ANEXO 3. CAPTURAS PROVENIENTES DE LOS CILINDROS DE SUELO ANTES DE LA APLICACIÓN DE LOS TRATAMIENTOS, EXPERIMENTO DE INVIERNO (OSORNO, JULIO DE 2003). ...............................................................................................................................158 ANEXO 4. CAPTURAS PROVENIENTES DE LOS CILINDROS DE SUELO 20 DÍAS DESPUÉS DE LA APLICACIÓN DE LOS TRATAMIENTOS, EXPERIMENTO DE INVIERNO (OSORNO, AGOSTO DE 2003). ............................................................................................................159 ANEXO 5. CAPTURAS PROVENIENTES DE LOS CILINDROS DE SUELO 40 DÍAS DESPUÉS DE LA APLICACIÓN DE LOS TRATAMIENTOS, EXPERIMENTO DE INVIERNO (OSORNO, SEPTIEMBRE DE 2003).......................................................................................................160 ANEXO 6. CAPTURAS PROVENIENTES DE LOS CILINDROS DE SUELO ANTES DE LA APLICACIÓN DE LOS TRATAMIENTOS, EXPERIMENTO DE PRIMAVERA (VALDIVIA, 15 DE OCTUBRE DE 2003). ..........................................................................................................161 ANEXO 7. CAPTURAS PROVENIENTES DE LOS CILINDROS DE SUELO ANTES DE LA APLICACIÓN DE LOS TRATAMIENTOS, EXPERIMENTO DE PRIMAVERA (VALDIVIA, 15 DE NOVIEMBRE DE 2003). ......................................................................................................162 v
CAPÍTULO I. INDICE DE CUADROS Table 1. Environmental data for the defined populations included in this study (based on Novoa and Villaseca, 1989; Papadakis, 1970). 34 Table 2. List of isolates included in the study. They are hold at the Entomopathogenic Organisms Collection, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Regional Research Centre Quilamapu, Chillán, Chile (Dr. Andrés France, afrance@inia.cl). 35 Table 3. Primers designed by S.A. Rehner (Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland) to amplify B fragment segment. 39 Table 4. Estimates of haplotype and nucleotide diversity for different populations of Beauveria bassiana in Chile. 45 Table 5. Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) for B fragment haplotypes in seven B. bassiana populations sampled from Chile, conducted among and within all populations. 47 Table 6. Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) for B fragment haplotypes in B. bassiana sampled from Chile. The Eastern Island was contrasted with the mainland group, which included the six remaining populations. 48 Table 7. Pairwise differentiation estimates among populations based on B fragment haplotype data, showing pairwise estimates of Fst (from haplotype frequencies). Asterisks (*) indicate Fst values that are significantly different from zero (p
Page 1 and 2: UNIVERSIDAD AUSTRAL DE CHILE FACULT
Page 3 and 4: DIVERSIDAD Y CONTROL BIOLÓGICO DE
Page 5 and 6: ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS INTRODUCCIÓN
Page 7: 4.- CAPÍTULO CUARTO: ANÁLISIS DE
Page 11 and 12: CAPÍTULO I. ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Fig
Page 13 and 14: Figure 5. Rarefaction curves for th
Page 15 and 16: ABSTRACT About 10% of Southern Chil
Page 17 and 18: Sin embargo, a pesar de esta percep
Page 19 and 20: preeminencia de esta idea ha sido e
Page 21 and 22: niveles tróficos completos o grand
Page 23 and 24: Se ha propuesto diversos enfoques p
Page 25 and 26: El control de esta especie se reali
Page 27 and 28: con la consiguiente pérdida o dism
Page 29 and 30: 4. Numerosos estudios se concentran
Page 31 and 32: 1.- CAPÍTULO PRIMERO: DIVERSIDAD G
Page 33 and 34: sample, showing the potential use o
Page 35 and 36: and put it in a phylogeographical p
Page 37 and 38: centrifugation and supernatant was
Page 39 and 40: (Schneider and Excoffier, 1999; Alt
Page 41 and 42: All the putative populations showed
Page 43 and 44: strongly influenced by insect host
Page 45 and 46: supported a geographical sub-divisi
Page 47 and 48: Neuveglise C, Brygoo Y, Vercrambe B
Page 49 and 50: Table 1. Environmental data for the
Page 51 and 52: B907 Poike 27º 06' 109º 21' Easte
Page 53 and 54: B606 Lago Icalma 38º 50' 71º 20'
Page 55 and 56: Figure 1. NJ tree of the B fragment
Page 57 and 58: Figure 2. Haplotype tree inferred f
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Figure 4. Mismatch distributions of
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Figure 5. Haplotype diversity in th
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Table 6. Analyses of molecular vari
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Table 8. Pairwise differentiation e
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CONSERVATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF
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Introduction. In last decades, mode
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a dose of 10 12 spores per ha was s
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aerea were very low at 1 and 30 day
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explanation than no toxicity of the
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fields that are sprayed with pestic
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affected species, when present, whe
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Kiss, B., Samu, F., 2000. Evaluatio
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Wilby, A., Villareal, S., Lan, L.,
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ARANEAE Gnaphosidae 253 54 % Lycosi
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Activity density (individuals per p
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NON-TARGET EFFECTS OF Dalaca pallen
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same percentage of mortality on lar
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Treatments were applied on 15 Octob
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(Departamento de Producción y Sani
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Predators. Data set I. The principa
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predators extracted from soil cores
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particularly carabids. Most of the
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the consistent results allow us to
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Kenmore, P.E., Cariño, F., Perez,
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Traugott, M., Strasser, H. and Prie
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Table 2. Significance of treatment
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Figure 1. Persistence of B. bassian
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Figure 3. Principal response curve
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Figure 5. Principal response curve
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RESPONSE OF GRASSLAND SOIL ARTHROPO
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Introduction. Declining diversity h
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Fungus. Beauveria bassiana strain Q
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Data collection. The abundance and
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N is the total number of individual
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catches), while dominant species re
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knowledge of South Chile grassland
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Dennis, P., 2003. Sensitivity of up
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invertebrates. In: IFOAM 2000 The W
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Figure 2. Estimated numbers Beauver
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Figure 4. Effects of B. bassiana an
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Figure 6. Rarefaction curves for th
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genética coincide con la zona de m
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Crosonychus viridis, Trechisibus an
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depredadores de lepidópteros, en l
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Respuesta a nivel de grupos funcion
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La conservación de los herbívoros
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Se ha propuesto que esta hipotétic
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En esta línea de razonamiento, las
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suceda en sistemas simples con poco
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BIBLIOGRAFIA Alarcón R. 1997. Resp
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isolated from the European cockchaf
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Hardin MR, Benrey, M Coll, WO Lamp,
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Lockwood JA, 1993. Environmental is
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Pimentel D, C Glenister, S Fast y D
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Swift MJ, J Vandermeer, PS Ramakris
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Zelada SH, 1998. Rol de la franja d
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Anexo 1. Índices de severidad de l
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Anexo 3. Capturas provenientes de l
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Page 177:
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