Diversidad y control biológico de insectos - CyberTesis UACh ...
Diversidad y control biológico de insectos - CyberTesis UACh ... Diversidad y control biológico de insectos - CyberTesis UACh ...
3.- CAPÍTULO TERCERO: ANÁLISIS DE LOS EFECTOS NO DESEADOS A NIVEL DE GREMIOS. Este artículo puede ser consultado bajo el título: Devotto L., R. Carrillo, E. Cisternas and M. Gerding. Non-target effects of Dalaca pallens control in South Chile: an analysis of biological and chemical control at the guild level. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (submitted). 73
NON-TARGET EFFECTS OF Dalaca pallens CONTROL IN SOUTH CHILE: AN ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CONTROL AT THE GUILD LEVEL. Luis Devotto a* , Roberto Carrillo b , Ernesto Cisternas a y Marcos Gerding c . a Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Austral de Chile. Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile. b Instituto de Producción y Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile. c Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Centro Regional de Investigación Quilamapu. Avenida Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán, Chile. * Corresponding autor: tel. +56 42 209652, fax +56 42 209599. E-mail address: ldevotto@inia.cl Current address: Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Centro Regional de Investigación Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Casilla 426, Chillán, Chile. Summary. The larval feeding activity of Dalaca pallens (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) reduces severely the pasture yield. A field experiment was conducted to compare the effects of Beauveria bassiana (10 12 spores/ha) and the insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (7.5 g active ingredient/ha) on non-target predator, herbivore and decomposer guilds. Principal response curves (PRC) were performed to test the treatment effects over time and standard ANOVA was used to confirm the PRC results on some individual taxa. Soil cores and pitfall trap sampling were used to measure the abundance or activity of taxa before and several dates after spraying. Using an oat-dodine selective medium, spores in soil increased by 70% after application. Spore numbers dropped to pre-treatment levels one and two weeks in foliage and soil, respectively. The predator guild was severely disturbed by the insecticide, although no adverse effects of lambda-cyhalothrin was observed on herbivore or decomposer guilds. No guild or individual taxon was affected by B. bassiana spores. The negative effects of insecticide were present from 1 to 60 days after treatment. Several carabid species and lycosid spider populations were depressed the most. Potential consequences for natural pest control in Chilean Southern pastures are discussed. 74
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- Page 67 and 68: CONSERVATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF
- Page 69 and 70: Introduction. In last decades, mode
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- Page 81 and 82: Kiss, B., Samu, F., 2000. Evaluatio
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- Page 85 and 86: ARANEAE Gnaphosidae 253 54 % Lycosi
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- Page 117 and 118: RESPONSE OF GRASSLAND SOIL ARTHROPO
- Page 119 and 120: Introduction. Declining diversity h
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NON-TARGET EFFECTS OF Dalaca pallens CONTROL IN SOUTH CHILE: AN<br />
ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CONTROL AT THE GUILD<br />
LEVEL.<br />
Luis Devotto a* , Roberto Carrillo b , Ernesto Cisternas a y Marcos Gerding c .<br />
a Escuela <strong>de</strong> Graduados, Facultad <strong>de</strong> Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Austral <strong>de</strong> Chile.<br />
Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.<br />
b Instituto <strong>de</strong> Producción y Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad <strong>de</strong> Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad<br />
Austral <strong>de</strong> Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.<br />
c Instituto <strong>de</strong> Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Centro Regional <strong>de</strong> Investigación<br />
Quilamapu. Avenida Vicente Mén<strong>de</strong>z 515, Chillán, Chile.<br />
* Corresponding autor: tel. +56 42 209652, fax +56 42 209599. E-mail address:<br />
l<strong>de</strong>votto@inia.cl<br />
Current address: Departamento <strong>de</strong> Producción Vegetal, Centro Regional <strong>de</strong> Investigación<br />
Quilamapu, Instituto <strong>de</strong> Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Casilla 426, Chillán, Chile.<br />
Summary.<br />
The larval feeding activity of Dalaca pallens (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) reduces severely<br />
the pasture yield. A field experiment was conducted to compare the effects of Beauveria<br />
bassiana (10 12 spores/ha) and the insectici<strong>de</strong> lambda-cyhalothrin (7.5 g active<br />
ingredient/ha) on non-target predator, herbivore and <strong>de</strong>composer guilds. Principal response<br />
curves (PRC) were performed to test the treatment effects over time and standard ANOVA<br />
was used to confirm the PRC results on some individual taxa. Soil cores and pitfall trap<br />
sampling were used to measure the abundance or activity of taxa before and several dates<br />
after spraying. Using an oat-dodine selective medium, spores in soil increased by 70% after<br />
application. Spore numbers dropped to pre-treatment levels one and two weeks in foliage<br />
and soil, respectively. The predator guild was severely disturbed by the insectici<strong>de</strong>,<br />
although no adverse effects of lambda-cyhalothrin was observed on herbivore or<br />
<strong>de</strong>composer guilds. No guild or individual taxon was affected by B. bassiana spores. The<br />
negative effects of insectici<strong>de</strong> were present from 1 to 60 days after treatment. Several<br />
carabid species and lycosid spi<strong>de</strong>r populations were <strong>de</strong>pressed the most. Potential<br />
consequences for natural pest <strong>control</strong> in Chilean Southern pastures are discussed.<br />
74
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