Diversidad y control biológico de insectos - CyberTesis UACh ...
Diversidad y control biológico de insectos - CyberTesis UACh ... Diversidad y control biológico de insectos - CyberTesis UACh ...
3.- CAPÍTULO TERCERO: ANÁLISIS DE LOS EFECTOS NO DESEADOS A NIVEL DE GREMIOS. Este artículo puede ser consultado bajo el título: Devotto L., R. Carrillo, E. Cisternas and M. Gerding. Non-target effects of Dalaca pallens control in South Chile: an analysis of biological and chemical control at the guild level. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (submitted). 73
NON-TARGET EFFECTS OF Dalaca pallens CONTROL IN SOUTH CHILE: AN ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CONTROL AT THE GUILD LEVEL. Luis Devotto a* , Roberto Carrillo b , Ernesto Cisternas a y Marcos Gerding c . a Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Austral de Chile. Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile. b Instituto de Producción y Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile. c Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Centro Regional de Investigación Quilamapu. Avenida Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán, Chile. * Corresponding autor: tel. +56 42 209652, fax +56 42 209599. E-mail address: ldevotto@inia.cl Current address: Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Centro Regional de Investigación Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Casilla 426, Chillán, Chile. Summary. The larval feeding activity of Dalaca pallens (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) reduces severely the pasture yield. A field experiment was conducted to compare the effects of Beauveria bassiana (10 12 spores/ha) and the insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (7.5 g active ingredient/ha) on non-target predator, herbivore and decomposer guilds. Principal response curves (PRC) were performed to test the treatment effects over time and standard ANOVA was used to confirm the PRC results on some individual taxa. Soil cores and pitfall trap sampling were used to measure the abundance or activity of taxa before and several dates after spraying. Using an oat-dodine selective medium, spores in soil increased by 70% after application. Spore numbers dropped to pre-treatment levels one and two weeks in foliage and soil, respectively. The predator guild was severely disturbed by the insecticide, although no adverse effects of lambda-cyhalothrin was observed on herbivore or decomposer guilds. No guild or individual taxon was affected by B. bassiana spores. The negative effects of insecticide were present from 1 to 60 days after treatment. Several carabid species and lycosid spider populations were depressed the most. Potential consequences for natural pest control in Chilean Southern pastures are discussed. 74
- Page 37 and 38: centrifugation and supernatant was
- Page 39 and 40: (Schneider and Excoffier, 1999; Alt
- Page 41 and 42: All the putative populations showed
- Page 43 and 44: strongly influenced by insect host
- Page 45 and 46: supported a geographical sub-divisi
- Page 47 and 48: Neuveglise C, Brygoo Y, Vercrambe B
- Page 49 and 50: Table 1. Environmental data for the
- Page 51 and 52: B907 Poike 27º 06' 109º 21' Easte
- Page 53 and 54: B606 Lago Icalma 38º 50' 71º 20'
- Page 55 and 56: Figure 1. NJ tree of the B fragment
- Page 57 and 58: Figure 2. Haplotype tree inferred f
- Page 59 and 60: Figure 4. Mismatch distributions of
- Page 61 and 62: Figure 5. Haplotype diversity in th
- Page 63 and 64: Table 6. Analyses of molecular vari
- Page 65 and 66: Table 8. Pairwise differentiation e
- Page 67 and 68: CONSERVATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF
- Page 69 and 70: Introduction. In last decades, mode
- Page 71 and 72: a dose of 10 12 spores per ha was s
- Page 73 and 74: aerea were very low at 1 and 30 day
- Page 75 and 76: explanation than no toxicity of the
- Page 77 and 78: fields that are sprayed with pestic
- Page 79 and 80: affected species, when present, whe
- Page 81 and 82: Kiss, B., Samu, F., 2000. Evaluatio
- Page 83 and 84: Wilby, A., Villareal, S., Lan, L.,
- Page 85 and 86: ARANEAE Gnaphosidae 253 54 % Lycosi
- Page 87: Activity density (individuals per p
- Page 91 and 92: same percentage of mortality on lar
- Page 93 and 94: Treatments were applied on 15 Octob
- Page 95 and 96: (Departamento de Producción y Sani
- Page 97 and 98: Predators. Data set I. The principa
- Page 99 and 100: predators extracted from soil cores
- Page 101 and 102: particularly carabids. Most of the
- Page 103 and 104: the consistent results allow us to
- Page 105 and 106: Kenmore, P.E., Cariño, F., Perez,
- Page 107 and 108: Traugott, M., Strasser, H. and Prie
- Page 109 and 110: Table 2. Significance of treatment
- Page 111 and 112: Figure 1. Persistence of B. bassian
- Page 113 and 114: Figure 3. Principal response curve
- Page 115 and 116: Figure 5. Principal response curve
- Page 117 and 118: RESPONSE OF GRASSLAND SOIL ARTHROPO
- Page 119 and 120: Introduction. Declining diversity h
- Page 121 and 122: Fungus. Beauveria bassiana strain Q
- Page 123 and 124: Data collection. The abundance and
- Page 125 and 126: N is the total number of individual
- Page 127 and 128: catches), while dominant species re
- Page 129 and 130: knowledge of South Chile grassland
- Page 131 and 132: Dennis, P., 2003. Sensitivity of up
- Page 133 and 134: invertebrates. In: IFOAM 2000 The W
- Page 135 and 136: Figure 2. Estimated numbers Beauver
- Page 137 and 138: Figure 4. Effects of B. bassiana an
3.- CAPÍTULO TERCERO: ANÁLISIS DE LOS EFECTOS<br />
NO DESEADOS A NIVEL DE GREMIOS.<br />
Este artículo pue<strong>de</strong> ser consultado bajo el título:<br />
Devotto L., R. Carrillo, E. Cisternas and M. Gerding. Non-target effects of Dalaca<br />
pallens <strong>control</strong> in South Chile: an analysis of biological and chemical <strong>control</strong> at the guild<br />
level. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (submitted).<br />
73