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Prasifka, J.R., Hellmich, R.L., Dively, G.P., Lewis, L.C., 2005. Assessing the effects of pest management on nontarget arthropods: the influence of plot size and isolation. Environ. Entomol. 34(5), 1181-1192. Riechert, S.E., Lockley, T., 1984. Spiders as biological control agents. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 29, 299-320. Roig-Juñent, S., Domínguez, M.C., 2001. Diversidad de la familia Carabidae (Coleoptera) en Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 74, 549-571. Samu, F., Szinetár, C., 2002. On the nature of agrobiont spiders. J. Arachnol. 5, 151-200. Smith, R.F., Cossentine, J.E., Rigby, S.M., Sheffield, C.S., 2004. Species of ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in organic apple orchards of British Columbia. J. Entomol. Soc. Brit. Columbia 101, 93-99. Sunderland, K.D., 1999. Mechanisms underlying the effects of spiders on pest populations. J. Arachnol. 27, 308-316. Symondson, W.O.C., Sunderland, K.D., Greenstone, M.H., 2002. Can generalist predators be effective biocontrol agents? Annu. Rev. Entomol. 47, 561-594. Thacker, J.R., Dixon, J., 1996. Modelling the within-field recovery of carabid beetles following their suppression by exposure to an insecticide. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 33, 225- 231. Toft, S., Bilde, T., 2002. Carabids diet and food value. pp. 81-110. In: Holland JM (Ed.), The agroecology of carabid beetles. Intercept, Andover, UK. Volkmar, C., Hussein, M.L.A., Lobner, U., Wetzel, T., 1996. The effect of the synthetic pyrethroid Mavrik on predatory arthropods in winter wheat. Arch. Phytopath. Plant Prot. 30(3), 227-256. Wehling, A., Heimbach, U., 1991. Untersuchungen zur Wirkung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln auf Spinnen (Araneae) am Beispiel einiger Insektizide. Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes 43(2), 24-30. White, J.S., Everett, C.J., Brown, R.A., 1990. Lambda-cyhalothrin: laboratory and field methods to assess the effects on natural enemies. Proceedings of the Brighton Crop Protection Conference, Pests and Diseases, vol. 3, pp. 969-974. BCPC Publications, Farnham, UK. 67
Wilby, A., Villareal, S., Lan, L., Heong, K., Thomas M., 2005. Functional benefits of predator species diversity depend on prey identity. Ecol. Entomol. 30(5), 497-501. Young, O.P., Edwards, G.B., 1990. Spiders in United States field crops and their potential effect on crop pests. J. Arachnol. 18, 1-27. Zelada, S., 1998. Rol de la franja de bosque y de la pradera en la biología de especies de Carabidae (Coleoptera, Adephaga). Mg.Sc. Dissertation, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile, 135 p. 68
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UNIVERSIDAD AUSTRAL DE CHILE FACULT
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DIVERSIDAD Y CONTROL BIOLÓGICO DE
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ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS INTRODUCCIÓN
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4.- CAPÍTULO CUARTO: ANÁLISIS DE
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CAPÍTULO I. INDICE DE CUADROS Tabl
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CAPÍTULO I. ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Fig
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Figure 5. Rarefaction curves for th
Page 15 and 16:
ABSTRACT About 10% of Southern Chil
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Sin embargo, a pesar de esta percep
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preeminencia de esta idea ha sido e
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niveles tróficos completos o grand
Page 23 and 24:
Se ha propuesto diversos enfoques p
Page 25 and 26:
El control de esta especie se reali
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con la consiguiente pérdida o dism
Page 29 and 30:
4. Numerosos estudios se concentran
Page 31 and 32: 1.- CAPÍTULO PRIMERO: DIVERSIDAD G
Page 33 and 34: sample, showing the potential use o
Page 35 and 36: and put it in a phylogeographical p
Page 37 and 38: centrifugation and supernatant was
Page 39 and 40: (Schneider and Excoffier, 1999; Alt
Page 41 and 42: All the putative populations showed
Page 43 and 44: strongly influenced by insect host
Page 45 and 46: supported a geographical sub-divisi
Page 47 and 48: Neuveglise C, Brygoo Y, Vercrambe B
Page 49 and 50: Table 1. Environmental data for the
Page 51 and 52: B907 Poike 27º 06' 109º 21' Easte
Page 53 and 54: B606 Lago Icalma 38º 50' 71º 20'
Page 55 and 56: Figure 1. NJ tree of the B fragment
Page 57 and 58: Figure 2. Haplotype tree inferred f
Page 59 and 60: Figure 4. Mismatch distributions of
Page 61 and 62: Figure 5. Haplotype diversity in th
Page 63 and 64: Table 6. Analyses of molecular vari
Page 65 and 66: Table 8. Pairwise differentiation e
Page 67 and 68: CONSERVATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF
Page 69 and 70: Introduction. In last decades, mode
Page 71 and 72: a dose of 10 12 spores per ha was s
Page 73 and 74: aerea were very low at 1 and 30 day
Page 75 and 76: explanation than no toxicity of the
Page 77 and 78: fields that are sprayed with pestic
Page 79 and 80: affected species, when present, whe
Page 81: Kiss, B., Samu, F., 2000. Evaluatio
Page 85 and 86: ARANEAE Gnaphosidae 253 54 % Lycosi
Page 87 and 88: Activity density (individuals per p
Page 89 and 90: NON-TARGET EFFECTS OF Dalaca pallen
Page 91 and 92: same percentage of mortality on lar
Page 93 and 94: Treatments were applied on 15 Octob
Page 95 and 96: (Departamento de Producción y Sani
Page 97 and 98: Predators. Data set I. The principa
Page 99 and 100: predators extracted from soil cores
Page 101 and 102: particularly carabids. Most of the
Page 103 and 104: the consistent results allow us to
Page 105 and 106: Kenmore, P.E., Cariño, F., Perez,
Page 107 and 108: Traugott, M., Strasser, H. and Prie
Page 109 and 110: Table 2. Significance of treatment
Page 111 and 112: Figure 1. Persistence of B. bassian
Page 113 and 114: Figure 3. Principal response curve
Page 115 and 116: Figure 5. Principal response curve
Page 117 and 118: RESPONSE OF GRASSLAND SOIL ARTHROPO
Page 119 and 120: Introduction. Declining diversity h
Page 121 and 122: Fungus. Beauveria bassiana strain Q
Page 123 and 124: Data collection. The abundance and
Page 125 and 126: N is the total number of individual
Page 127 and 128: catches), while dominant species re
Page 129 and 130: knowledge of South Chile grassland
Page 131 and 132: Dennis, P., 2003. Sensitivity of up
Page 133 and 134:
invertebrates. In: IFOAM 2000 The W
Page 135 and 136:
Figure 2. Estimated numbers Beauver
Page 137 and 138:
Figure 4. Effects of B. bassiana an
Page 139 and 140:
Figure 6. Rarefaction curves for th
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genética coincide con la zona de m
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Crosonychus viridis, Trechisibus an
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depredadores de lepidópteros, en l
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Respuesta a nivel de grupos funcion
Page 149 and 150:
La conservación de los herbívoros
Page 151 and 152:
Se ha propuesto que esta hipotétic
Page 153 and 154:
En esta línea de razonamiento, las
Page 155 and 156:
suceda en sistemas simples con poco
Page 157 and 158:
BIBLIOGRAFIA Alarcón R. 1997. Resp
Page 159 and 160:
isolated from the European cockchaf
Page 161 and 162:
Hardin MR, Benrey, M Coll, WO Lamp,
Page 163 and 164:
Lockwood JA, 1993. Environmental is
Page 165 and 166:
Pimentel D, C Glenister, S Fast y D
Page 167 and 168:
Swift MJ, J Vandermeer, PS Ramakris
Page 169 and 170:
Zelada SH, 1998. Rol de la franja d
Page 171 and 172:
Anexo 1. Índices de severidad de l
Page 173 and 174:
Anexo 3. Capturas provenientes de l
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177:
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