Diversidad y control biológico de insectos - CyberTesis UACh ...
Diversidad y control biológico de insectos - CyberTesis UACh ... Diversidad y control biológico de insectos - CyberTesis UACh ...
Table 3. Primers designed by S.A. Rehner (Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland) to amplify B fragment segment. Forward Reverse PRIMER NAME SEQUENCE (5’ – 3’) B5.1F CGACCCGGCCAACTACTTTGA B22U GTCGCAGCCAGAGCAACT BFint GTTCCTTGCCCTCGGTAATGAA BRint AGCATATCGGGCATGACTGA B822L AGATTCGCAACGTCAACTT B3.1R GTCTTCCAGTACCACTACGCC 39
Figure 1. NJ tree of the B fragment phylogeny inferred for B. bassiana. Bootstrap values above nodes indicate support for branches (500 pseudorepliques). The whole figure was halved because its size and miniaturized (above, left) to show the overall pattern. 0,01 100 60 45 75 B499 Los Lagos B299 Tarapaca B513 Maule-Biobio B774 Aysen B273 B515 Maule-Biobio B333 Chile Ce ntra l B325 Maule-Biobio B472 M a ga lla ne s B460 Aysen B300 Tarapaca B771 Aysen B897 Eastern Island B473b M a ga lla ne s B496 Los Lagos B505 B506 Maule-Biobio B765 B822 Aysen B934 Maule-Biobio B306 B368 Tarapaca B507 Maule-Biobio B983 100 B890a Eastern Island B329 Chile Ce ntra l B456 Aysen B509 Maule-Biobio B606 Los Lagos B342 B437 Maule-Biobio B494 B504 Los Lagos B776 B787b Aysen B303 Tarapaca 78 B532 B923 Maule-Biobio Eastern Island B894 Eastern Island B308 B323 Tarapaca B321 Los Lagos B408 Maule-Biobio B428 Los Lagos B787a Aysen 48 B310 Tarapaca B892b Eastern Island B640 Maule-Biobio B294 Tarapaca B72 Los Lagos B508 Maule-Biobio 99 100 B937 B518b Los Lagos Maule-Biobio B491 Los Lagos 100 B806 Aysen B255 100 B274 Maule-Biobio B910 Eastern Island B899 B889 Eastern Island 45 B902 B913 Eastern Island 100 B893 B915 B907 B392 Maule-Biobio B984 Chile Ce ntra l B484 100 B864 Maule-Biobio Maule-Biobio B833 Maule-Biobio B179 Los Lagos B390 Maule-Biobio B837 B859 Maule-Biobio B795 59 B824 M a ga lla ne s Maule-Biobio B389 Maule-Biobio B360 Maule-Biobio B366 100 B482 B797 Maule-Biobio Maule-Biobio B858 Maule-Biobio B495 Los Lagos B502 100 B330 Maule-Biobio Chile Ce ntra l B900 Eastern Island 66 28 26 B314 B501 B931 Maule-Biobio Los Lagos 100 B926 B334 Los Lagos Chile Ce ntra l 16 B378 Maule-Biobio 24 B492 50 22 B467 B941 99 B927 Los Lagos Maule-Biobio Maule-Biobio Chile Ce ntra l B518a B.seq Maule-Biobio 40
- Page 3 and 4: DIVERSIDAD Y CONTROL BIOLÓGICO DE
- Page 5 and 6: ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS INTRODUCCIÓN
- Page 7 and 8: 4.- CAPÍTULO CUARTO: ANÁLISIS DE
- Page 9 and 10: CAPÍTULO I. INDICE DE CUADROS Tabl
- Page 11 and 12: CAPÍTULO I. ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Fig
- Page 13 and 14: Figure 5. Rarefaction curves for th
- Page 15 and 16: ABSTRACT About 10% of Southern Chil
- Page 17 and 18: Sin embargo, a pesar de esta percep
- Page 19 and 20: preeminencia de esta idea ha sido e
- Page 21 and 22: niveles tróficos completos o grand
- Page 23 and 24: Se ha propuesto diversos enfoques p
- Page 25 and 26: El control de esta especie se reali
- Page 27 and 28: con la consiguiente pérdida o dism
- Page 29 and 30: 4. Numerosos estudios se concentran
- Page 31 and 32: 1.- CAPÍTULO PRIMERO: DIVERSIDAD G
- Page 33 and 34: sample, showing the potential use o
- Page 35 and 36: and put it in a phylogeographical p
- Page 37 and 38: centrifugation and supernatant was
- Page 39 and 40: (Schneider and Excoffier, 1999; Alt
- Page 41 and 42: All the putative populations showed
- Page 43 and 44: strongly influenced by insect host
- Page 45 and 46: supported a geographical sub-divisi
- Page 47 and 48: Neuveglise C, Brygoo Y, Vercrambe B
- Page 49 and 50: Table 1. Environmental data for the
- Page 51 and 52: B907 Poike 27º 06' 109º 21' Easte
- Page 53: B606 Lago Icalma 38º 50' 71º 20'
- Page 57 and 58: Figure 2. Haplotype tree inferred f
- Page 59 and 60: Figure 4. Mismatch distributions of
- Page 61 and 62: Figure 5. Haplotype diversity in th
- Page 63 and 64: Table 6. Analyses of molecular vari
- Page 65 and 66: Table 8. Pairwise differentiation e
- Page 67 and 68: CONSERVATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF
- Page 69 and 70: Introduction. In last decades, mode
- Page 71 and 72: a dose of 10 12 spores per ha was s
- Page 73 and 74: aerea were very low at 1 and 30 day
- Page 75 and 76: explanation than no toxicity of the
- Page 77 and 78: fields that are sprayed with pestic
- Page 79 and 80: affected species, when present, whe
- Page 81 and 82: Kiss, B., Samu, F., 2000. Evaluatio
- Page 83 and 84: Wilby, A., Villareal, S., Lan, L.,
- Page 85 and 86: ARANEAE Gnaphosidae 253 54 % Lycosi
- Page 87 and 88: Activity density (individuals per p
- Page 89 and 90: NON-TARGET EFFECTS OF Dalaca pallen
- Page 91 and 92: same percentage of mortality on lar
- Page 93 and 94: Treatments were applied on 15 Octob
- Page 95 and 96: (Departamento de Producción y Sani
- Page 97 and 98: Predators. Data set I. The principa
- Page 99 and 100: predators extracted from soil cores
- Page 101 and 102: particularly carabids. Most of the
- Page 103 and 104: the consistent results allow us to
Figure 1. NJ tree of the B fragment phylogeny inferred for B. bassiana. Bootstrap values<br />
above no<strong>de</strong>s indicate support for branches (500 pseudorepliques). The whole figure was<br />
halved because its size and miniaturized (above, left) to show the overall pattern.<br />
0,01<br />
100<br />
60<br />
45<br />
75<br />
B499 Los Lagos<br />
B299<br />
Tarapaca<br />
B513<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
B774<br />
Aysen<br />
B273<br />
B515<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
B333<br />
Chile Ce ntra l<br />
B325<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
B472<br />
M a ga lla ne s<br />
B460<br />
Aysen<br />
B300<br />
Tarapaca<br />
B771<br />
Aysen<br />
B897 Eastern Island<br />
B473b M a ga lla ne s<br />
B496<br />
Los Lagos<br />
B505<br />
B506<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
B765<br />
B822<br />
Aysen<br />
B934<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
B306<br />
B368<br />
Tarapaca<br />
B507<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
B983<br />
100<br />
B890a<br />
Eastern Island<br />
B329<br />
Chile Ce ntra l<br />
B456<br />
Aysen<br />
B509<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
B606<br />
Los Lagos<br />
B342<br />
B437<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
B494<br />
B504<br />
Los Lagos<br />
B776<br />
B787b<br />
Aysen<br />
B303 Tarapaca<br />
78<br />
B532<br />
B923<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
Eastern Island<br />
B894<br />
Eastern Island<br />
B308<br />
B323<br />
Tarapaca<br />
B321<br />
Los Lagos<br />
B408<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
B428<br />
Los Lagos<br />
B787a<br />
Aysen<br />
48 B310 Tarapaca<br />
B892b Eastern Island<br />
B640<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
B294<br />
Tarapaca<br />
B72<br />
Los Lagos<br />
B508<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
99<br />
100 B937<br />
B518b<br />
Los Lagos<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
B491<br />
Los Lagos<br />
100 B806<br />
Aysen<br />
B255<br />
100 B274<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
B910<br />
Eastern Island<br />
B899<br />
B889<br />
Eastern Island<br />
45 B902<br />
B913<br />
Eastern Island<br />
100 B893<br />
B915<br />
B907<br />
B392<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
B984<br />
Chile Ce ntra l<br />
B484<br />
100 B864<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
B833<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
B179 Los Lagos<br />
B390 Maule-Biobio<br />
B837<br />
B859<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
B795<br />
59<br />
B824<br />
M a ga lla ne s<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
B389 Maule-Biobio<br />
B360 Maule-Biobio<br />
B366<br />
100 B482<br />
B797<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
B858 Maule-Biobio<br />
B495<br />
Los Lagos<br />
B502<br />
100 B330<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
Chile Ce ntra l<br />
B900<br />
Eastern Island<br />
66<br />
28<br />
26<br />
B314<br />
B501<br />
B931<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
Los Lagos<br />
100<br />
B926<br />
B334<br />
Los Lagos<br />
Chile Ce ntra l<br />
16 B378 Maule-Biobio<br />
24<br />
B492<br />
50<br />
22 B467<br />
B941<br />
99 B927<br />
Los Lagos<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
Chile Ce ntra l<br />
B518a B.seq<br />
Maule-Biobio<br />
40
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