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Table 3. Primers designed by S.A. Rehner (Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland) to amplify B fragment segment. Forward Reverse PRIMER NAME SEQUENCE (5’ – 3’) B5.1F CGACCCGGCCAACTACTTTGA B22U GTCGCAGCCAGAGCAACT BFint GTTCCTTGCCCTCGGTAATGAA BRint AGCATATCGGGCATGACTGA B822L AGATTCGCAACGTCAACTT B3.1R GTCTTCCAGTACCACTACGCC 39
Figure 1. NJ tree of the B fragment phylogeny inferred for B. bassiana. Bootstrap values above nodes indicate support for branches (500 pseudorepliques). The whole figure was halved because its size and miniaturized (above, left) to show the overall pattern. 0,01 100 60 45 75 B499 Los Lagos B299 Tarapaca B513 Maule-Biobio B774 Aysen B273 B515 Maule-Biobio B333 Chile Ce ntra l B325 Maule-Biobio B472 M a ga lla ne s B460 Aysen B300 Tarapaca B771 Aysen B897 Eastern Island B473b M a ga lla ne s B496 Los Lagos B505 B506 Maule-Biobio B765 B822 Aysen B934 Maule-Biobio B306 B368 Tarapaca B507 Maule-Biobio B983 100 B890a Eastern Island B329 Chile Ce ntra l B456 Aysen B509 Maule-Biobio B606 Los Lagos B342 B437 Maule-Biobio B494 B504 Los Lagos B776 B787b Aysen B303 Tarapaca 78 B532 B923 Maule-Biobio Eastern Island B894 Eastern Island B308 B323 Tarapaca B321 Los Lagos B408 Maule-Biobio B428 Los Lagos B787a Aysen 48 B310 Tarapaca B892b Eastern Island B640 Maule-Biobio B294 Tarapaca B72 Los Lagos B508 Maule-Biobio 99 100 B937 B518b Los Lagos Maule-Biobio B491 Los Lagos 100 B806 Aysen B255 100 B274 Maule-Biobio B910 Eastern Island B899 B889 Eastern Island 45 B902 B913 Eastern Island 100 B893 B915 B907 B392 Maule-Biobio B984 Chile Ce ntra l B484 100 B864 Maule-Biobio Maule-Biobio B833 Maule-Biobio B179 Los Lagos B390 Maule-Biobio B837 B859 Maule-Biobio B795 59 B824 M a ga lla ne s Maule-Biobio B389 Maule-Biobio B360 Maule-Biobio B366 100 B482 B797 Maule-Biobio Maule-Biobio B858 Maule-Biobio B495 Los Lagos B502 100 B330 Maule-Biobio Chile Ce ntra l B900 Eastern Island 66 28 26 B314 B501 B931 Maule-Biobio Los Lagos 100 B926 B334 Los Lagos Chile Ce ntra l 16 B378 Maule-Biobio 24 B492 50 22 B467 B941 99 B927 Los Lagos Maule-Biobio Maule-Biobio Chile Ce ntra l B518a B.seq Maule-Biobio 40
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UNIVERSIDAD AUSTRAL DE CHILE FACULT
Page 3 and 4: DIVERSIDAD Y CONTROL BIOLÓGICO DE
Page 5 and 6: ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS INTRODUCCIÓN
Page 7 and 8: 4.- CAPÍTULO CUARTO: ANÁLISIS DE
Page 9 and 10: CAPÍTULO I. INDICE DE CUADROS Tabl
Page 11 and 12: CAPÍTULO I. ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Fig
Page 13 and 14: Figure 5. Rarefaction curves for th
Page 15 and 16: ABSTRACT About 10% of Southern Chil
Page 17 and 18: Sin embargo, a pesar de esta percep
Page 19 and 20: preeminencia de esta idea ha sido e
Page 21 and 22: niveles tróficos completos o grand
Page 23 and 24: Se ha propuesto diversos enfoques p
Page 25 and 26: El control de esta especie se reali
Page 27 and 28: con la consiguiente pérdida o dism
Page 29 and 30: 4. Numerosos estudios se concentran
Page 31 and 32: 1.- CAPÍTULO PRIMERO: DIVERSIDAD G
Page 33 and 34: sample, showing the potential use o
Page 35 and 36: and put it in a phylogeographical p
Page 37 and 38: centrifugation and supernatant was
Page 39 and 40: (Schneider and Excoffier, 1999; Alt
Page 41 and 42: All the putative populations showed
Page 43 and 44: strongly influenced by insect host
Page 45 and 46: supported a geographical sub-divisi
Page 47 and 48: Neuveglise C, Brygoo Y, Vercrambe B
Page 49 and 50: Table 1. Environmental data for the
Page 51 and 52: B907 Poike 27º 06' 109º 21' Easte
Page 53: B606 Lago Icalma 38º 50' 71º 20'
Page 57 and 58: Figure 2. Haplotype tree inferred f
Page 59 and 60: Figure 4. Mismatch distributions of
Page 61 and 62: Figure 5. Haplotype diversity in th
Page 63 and 64: Table 6. Analyses of molecular vari
Page 65 and 66: Table 8. Pairwise differentiation e
Page 67 and 68: CONSERVATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF
Page 69 and 70: Introduction. In last decades, mode
Page 71 and 72: a dose of 10 12 spores per ha was s
Page 73 and 74: aerea were very low at 1 and 30 day
Page 75 and 76: explanation than no toxicity of the
Page 77 and 78: fields that are sprayed with pestic
Page 79 and 80: affected species, when present, whe
Page 81 and 82: Kiss, B., Samu, F., 2000. Evaluatio
Page 83 and 84: Wilby, A., Villareal, S., Lan, L.,
Page 85 and 86: ARANEAE Gnaphosidae 253 54 % Lycosi
Page 87 and 88: Activity density (individuals per p
Page 89 and 90: NON-TARGET EFFECTS OF Dalaca pallen
Page 91 and 92: same percentage of mortality on lar
Page 93 and 94: Treatments were applied on 15 Octob
Page 95 and 96: (Departamento de Producción y Sani
Page 97 and 98: Predators. Data set I. The principa
Page 99 and 100: predators extracted from soil cores
Page 101 and 102: particularly carabids. Most of the
Page 103 and 104: the consistent results allow us to
Page 105 and 106:
Kenmore, P.E., Cariño, F., Perez,
Page 107 and 108:
Traugott, M., Strasser, H. and Prie
Page 109 and 110:
Table 2. Significance of treatment
Page 111 and 112:
Figure 1. Persistence of B. bassian
Page 113 and 114:
Figure 3. Principal response curve
Page 115 and 116:
Figure 5. Principal response curve
Page 117 and 118:
RESPONSE OF GRASSLAND SOIL ARTHROPO
Page 119 and 120:
Introduction. Declining diversity h
Page 121 and 122:
Fungus. Beauveria bassiana strain Q
Page 123 and 124:
Data collection. The abundance and
Page 125 and 126:
N is the total number of individual
Page 127 and 128:
catches), while dominant species re
Page 129 and 130:
knowledge of South Chile grassland
Page 131 and 132:
Dennis, P., 2003. Sensitivity of up
Page 133 and 134:
invertebrates. In: IFOAM 2000 The W
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Figure 2. Estimated numbers Beauver
Page 137 and 138:
Figure 4. Effects of B. bassiana an
Page 139 and 140:
Figure 6. Rarefaction curves for th
Page 141 and 142:
genética coincide con la zona de m
Page 143 and 144:
Crosonychus viridis, Trechisibus an
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depredadores de lepidópteros, en l
Page 147 and 148:
Respuesta a nivel de grupos funcion
Page 149 and 150:
La conservación de los herbívoros
Page 151 and 152:
Se ha propuesto que esta hipotétic
Page 153 and 154:
En esta línea de razonamiento, las
Page 155 and 156:
suceda en sistemas simples con poco
Page 157 and 158:
BIBLIOGRAFIA Alarcón R. 1997. Resp
Page 159 and 160:
isolated from the European cockchaf
Page 161 and 162:
Hardin MR, Benrey, M Coll, WO Lamp,
Page 163 and 164:
Lockwood JA, 1993. Environmental is
Page 165 and 166:
Pimentel D, C Glenister, S Fast y D
Page 167 and 168:
Swift MJ, J Vandermeer, PS Ramakris
Page 169 and 170:
Zelada SH, 1998. Rol de la franja d
Page 171 and 172:
Anexo 1. Índices de severidad de l
Page 173 and 174:
Anexo 3. Capturas provenientes de l
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177:
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