Diversidad y control biológico de insectos - CyberTesis UACh ...

The pairwise genetic distance matrixes were calculated using the Arlequin 3.01 software
package (Schneider et al., 2000) to additionally compare the putative populations.
Results.
Phylogenetic analyses.
The neighbour-joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP) and minimum evolution (ME)
trees showed no major differences on the inferred phylogenies and consequently only the
NJ tree is shown in Figure 1. The only relevant difference between trees was the sister
position of the isolate B900 (haplotype 11). The branching pattern suggests a deep division
for the B. bassiana s.l. in Chile. The two large clusters include some smaller but well
supported clusters. When the phylogenetic and geographic data were crossed (Figure 1), the
phylogenetic relatedness between isolates did not agree with their geographic relatedness,
except for a small cluster which exclusively comprised isolates collected at Eastern Island.
As expected, the haplotype tree shows a condensed sight of the findings (Figure 2).
The Figure 3 shows the haplotype network constructed from the most parsimonous trees
supported by the dataset. Remarkly, the network grouped the haplotypes into two large
clusters, with the haplotype 11 in a intermediate position. The most extended haplotype
(H1) has not a interior position in the network as expected if this haplotype was the
ancestral state.
The segment had a nucleotide composition of A=0.24, C=0.28, G=0.27 and T=0.21, with
G+C content = 55%. The 97 sequences gave 20 different haplotypes, which included 282
variable (19%) and 218 parsimony informative (15%) sites. The overall nucleotide
diversity was 0.035.
Demographic analyses.
The mismatch distributions for all pairwise combinations of the individuals for each
population are shown in the Figure 4, except for Tarapacá, which was revealed fixed for the
haplotype 1 and consequently the mismatch distribution can not be calculated. All the six
populations had bimodal or multimodal distributions which did not conformed to the
expected distribution from a model of constant growth population expansion.
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