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Berreta MF, RE Lecuona, RO Zandomeni y O Grau, 1998. Genotyping isolates of the entomopathigenic fungus Beauveria bassiana by RAPD with fluorescent labels. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 71 (2): 145-150. Bidochka MJ, RJ Saint Leger y D Roberts, 1994. Differentiation of species and strains of entomopathogenic fungi by random amplifications of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Current Genetics 25: 107-113. Brinkman MA y BW Fuller, 1999. Influence of Beauveria bassiana strain GHA on nontarget rangeland arthropod population. Environmental Entomology 28(5): 863-867. Brown MW y CRL Adler, 1989. Community structure of phytophagous arthropods on apple. Environmental Entomology 18: 600-607. Castrillo LA y WM Brooks, 1998. Differentiation of Beauveria bassiana isolates from the darkling beetle, Alphitobius diaperinus, using isozyme and RAPD analyses. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 72 (3): 190-196. Chalcraft DR y Resetarits WJ, 2003. Predator identity and ecological impacts: functional redundancy or functional diversity?. Ecology 84(9): 2407-2418. Chapin FS, MS Torn y M Tateno, 1996. Principles of ecosystem sustainability. American Naturalist 148: 1016-1037. Cisternas E, M Gerding and A France, 2003. Uso del hongo Beauveria bassiana ¿Cómo controlar la cuncunilla negra de las praderas sin usar insecticidas? Informativo Agropecuario Bioleche-INIA Quilamapu 16-51:52. Cock MJW, 2003. Risks of non-target impact versus stakeholder benefits in classical biological control of arthropods: selected studies from developing countries. EN: RG van Driesche (Ed.), Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods. Honolulu, Hawaii, 14-18 January 2002, USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Washington D.C., pp. 25-33. Cravanzola F, P Piatti, PD Bridge y OI Ozino, 1997. Detection of genetic polymorphism by 143 RAPD-PCR in strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria brongniartii
isolated from the European cockchafer (Melolontha spp.). Letters in Applied Microbiology 25 (4): 289-294. Danfa A y HC van der Valk, 1999. Laboratory testing of Metarhizium spp. and Beauveria bassiana on Sahelian non-target arthropods. Biocontrol Science and Technology 9: 187-198. DeBach P, 1964. The scope of biological control. EN: P DeBach (Ed.), Biological control of insect pests and weeds, Chapman & Hall, pp. 3-20. DeBach P, 1974. Biological Control by Natural Enemies. London: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 323 p. DeBach P y D Rosen, 1991. Biological control by natural enemies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Dively G y R Rose, 2002. Effects of Bt transgenic and conventional insecticide control strategies on the natural enemy community in sweet corn. EN: R van Driesche, (Ed.) First International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods, 13-18 January 2002, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Morgantown, West Virginia. Duffy JE, 2003. Biodiversity loss, trophic skew, and ecosystem functioning. Ecology Letters 6: 680-687. Durán L, 1976. Problemas de la entomología agrícola de Chile Austral. Agrosur 4: 119- 127. Dyer LA y JO Stireman, 2003. Community-wide trophic cascades and other indirect interactions in an agricultural community. Basic and Applied Ecology 4: 423-434. Ehler LE, 1990. Environmental impact of introduced biological control agents: implications for agricultural biotechnology. EN: JJ Marois y G Bruening (Eds.). Risk Assessment in Agricultural Biotechnology: Proceedings of the International Conference. (1988) Publication No. 1928, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, p. 85-96. 144
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UNIVERSIDAD AUSTRAL DE CHILE FACULT
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DIVERSIDAD Y CONTROL BIOLÓGICO DE
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ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS INTRODUCCIÓN
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4.- CAPÍTULO CUARTO: ANÁLISIS DE
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CAPÍTULO I. INDICE DE CUADROS Tabl
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CAPÍTULO I. ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Fig
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Figure 5. Rarefaction curves for th
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ABSTRACT About 10% of Southern Chil
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Sin embargo, a pesar de esta percep
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preeminencia de esta idea ha sido e
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niveles tróficos completos o grand
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Se ha propuesto diversos enfoques p
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El control de esta especie se reali
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con la consiguiente pérdida o dism
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4. Numerosos estudios se concentran
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1.- CAPÍTULO PRIMERO: DIVERSIDAD G
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sample, showing the potential use o
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and put it in a phylogeographical p
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centrifugation and supernatant was
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(Schneider and Excoffier, 1999; Alt
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All the putative populations showed
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strongly influenced by insect host
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supported a geographical sub-divisi
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Neuveglise C, Brygoo Y, Vercrambe B
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Table 1. Environmental data for the
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B907 Poike 27º 06' 109º 21' Easte
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B606 Lago Icalma 38º 50' 71º 20'
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Figure 1. NJ tree of the B fragment
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Figure 2. Haplotype tree inferred f
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Figure 4. Mismatch distributions of
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Figure 5. Haplotype diversity in th
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Table 6. Analyses of molecular vari
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Table 8. Pairwise differentiation e
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CONSERVATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF
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Introduction. In last decades, mode
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a dose of 10 12 spores per ha was s
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aerea were very low at 1 and 30 day
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explanation than no toxicity of the
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fields that are sprayed with pestic
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affected species, when present, whe
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Kiss, B., Samu, F., 2000. Evaluatio
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Wilby, A., Villareal, S., Lan, L.,
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ARANEAE Gnaphosidae 253 54 % Lycosi
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Activity density (individuals per p
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NON-TARGET EFFECTS OF Dalaca pallen
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same percentage of mortality on lar
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Treatments were applied on 15 Octob
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(Departamento de Producción y Sani
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Predators. Data set I. The principa
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predators extracted from soil cores
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particularly carabids. Most of the
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the consistent results allow us to
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Kenmore, P.E., Cariño, F., Perez,
Page 107 and 108: Traugott, M., Strasser, H. and Prie
Page 109 and 110: Table 2. Significance of treatment
Page 111 and 112: Figure 1. Persistence of B. bassian
Page 113 and 114: Figure 3. Principal response curve
Page 115 and 116: Figure 5. Principal response curve
Page 117 and 118: RESPONSE OF GRASSLAND SOIL ARTHROPO
Page 119 and 120: Introduction. Declining diversity h
Page 121 and 122: Fungus. Beauveria bassiana strain Q
Page 123 and 124: Data collection. The abundance and
Page 125 and 126: N is the total number of individual
Page 127 and 128: catches), while dominant species re
Page 129 and 130: knowledge of South Chile grassland
Page 131 and 132: Dennis, P., 2003. Sensitivity of up
Page 133 and 134: invertebrates. In: IFOAM 2000 The W
Page 135 and 136: Figure 2. Estimated numbers Beauver
Page 137 and 138: Figure 4. Effects of B. bassiana an
Page 139 and 140: Figure 6. Rarefaction curves for th
Page 141 and 142: genética coincide con la zona de m
Page 143 and 144: Crosonychus viridis, Trechisibus an
Page 145 and 146: depredadores de lepidópteros, en l
Page 147 and 148: Respuesta a nivel de grupos funcion
Page 149 and 150: La conservación de los herbívoros
Page 151 and 152: Se ha propuesto que esta hipotétic
Page 153 and 154: En esta línea de razonamiento, las
Page 155 and 156: suceda en sistemas simples con poco
Page 157: BIBLIOGRAFIA Alarcón R. 1997. Resp
Page 161 and 162: Hardin MR, Benrey, M Coll, WO Lamp,
Page 163 and 164: Lockwood JA, 1993. Environmental is
Page 165 and 166: Pimentel D, C Glenister, S Fast y D
Page 167 and 168: Swift MJ, J Vandermeer, PS Ramakris
Page 169 and 170: Zelada SH, 1998. Rol de la franja d
Page 171 and 172: Anexo 1. Índices de severidad de l
Page 173 and 174: Anexo 3. Capturas provenientes de l
Page 175 and 176: Anexo 5. Capturas provenientes de l
Page 177: Anexo 7. Capturas provenientes de l
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