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Figure 5. Rarefaction curves for the species richness of invertebrates of a grassland soil assemblage at three dates (winter experiment): A = pre-treatment; B = 20 days after treatment and C = 40 days after treatment. Continuous lines above and below Beauveria bassiana and lambda-cyhalothrin curves are 95% confi<strong>de</strong>nce limits calculated over 1000 iterations (Gotelli and Colwell, 2001). Expected number of species [E(S)] Expected number of species [E(S)] Expected number of species [E(S)] 25 20 15 10 5 0 30 25 20 15 10 5 30 25 20 15 10 Control B. bassiana 0 150 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 Number of individuals (N) Lambda-chyalothrin Control B. bassiana 0 0 150 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 Number of individuals (N) Control 5 0 B. bassiana Lambda-chyalothrin 0 150 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 Number of individuals (N) Lambda-chyalothrin A B C 123
Figure 6. Rarefaction curves for the species richness of invertebrates before (above) and after (below) treatments (spring experiment). Continuous lines above and below curves are 95% the confi<strong>de</strong>nce limits calculated over 1000 iterations (Gotelli and Colwell, 2001). Expected number of species [E(S)] Expected number of species [E(S)] 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 25 20 15 10 5 0 Control B. bassiana 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Number of individuals (N) Lambda-chyalothrin Control B. bassiana 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Number of individuals (N) Lambda-chyalothrin 124
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UNIVERSIDAD AUSTRAL DE CHILE FACULT
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DIVERSIDAD Y CONTROL BIOLÓGICO DE
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ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS INTRODUCCIÓN
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4.- CAPÍTULO CUARTO: ANÁLISIS DE
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CAPÍTULO I. INDICE DE CUADROS Tabl
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CAPÍTULO I. ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Fig
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Figure 5. Rarefaction curves for th
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ABSTRACT About 10% of Southern Chil
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Sin embargo, a pesar de esta percep
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preeminencia de esta idea ha sido e
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niveles tróficos completos o grand
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Se ha propuesto diversos enfoques p
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El control de esta especie se reali
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con la consiguiente pérdida o dism
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4. Numerosos estudios se concentran
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1.- CAPÍTULO PRIMERO: DIVERSIDAD G
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sample, showing the potential use o
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and put it in a phylogeographical p
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centrifugation and supernatant was
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(Schneider and Excoffier, 1999; Alt
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All the putative populations showed
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strongly influenced by insect host
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supported a geographical sub-divisi
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Neuveglise C, Brygoo Y, Vercrambe B
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Table 1. Environmental data for the
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B907 Poike 27º 06' 109º 21' Easte
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B606 Lago Icalma 38º 50' 71º 20'
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Figure 1. NJ tree of the B fragment
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Figure 2. Haplotype tree inferred f
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Figure 4. Mismatch distributions of
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Figure 5. Haplotype diversity in th
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Table 6. Analyses of molecular vari
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Table 8. Pairwise differentiation e
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CONSERVATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF
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Introduction. In last decades, mode
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a dose of 10 12 spores per ha was s
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aerea were very low at 1 and 30 day
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explanation than no toxicity of the
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fields that are sprayed with pestic
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affected species, when present, whe
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Kiss, B., Samu, F., 2000. Evaluatio
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Wilby, A., Villareal, S., Lan, L.,
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ARANEAE Gnaphosidae 253 54 % Lycosi
Page 87 and 88: Activity density (individuals per p
Page 89 and 90: NON-TARGET EFFECTS OF Dalaca pallen
Page 91 and 92: same percentage of mortality on lar
Page 93 and 94: Treatments were applied on 15 Octob
Page 95 and 96: (Departamento de Producción y Sani
Page 97 and 98: Predators. Data set I. The principa
Page 99 and 100: predators extracted from soil cores
Page 101 and 102: particularly carabids. Most of the
Page 103 and 104: the consistent results allow us to
Page 105 and 106: Kenmore, P.E., Cariño, F., Perez,
Page 107 and 108: Traugott, M., Strasser, H. and Prie
Page 109 and 110: Table 2. Significance of treatment
Page 111 and 112: Figure 1. Persistence of B. bassian
Page 113 and 114: Figure 3. Principal response curve
Page 115 and 116: Figure 5. Principal response curve
Page 117 and 118: RESPONSE OF GRASSLAND SOIL ARTHROPO
Page 119 and 120: Introduction. Declining diversity h
Page 121 and 122: Fungus. Beauveria bassiana strain Q
Page 123 and 124: Data collection. The abundance and
Page 125 and 126: N is the total number of individual
Page 127 and 128: catches), while dominant species re
Page 129 and 130: knowledge of South Chile grassland
Page 131 and 132: Dennis, P., 2003. Sensitivity of up
Page 133 and 134: invertebrates. In: IFOAM 2000 The W
Page 135 and 136: Figure 2. Estimated numbers Beauver
Page 137: Figure 4. Effects of B. bassiana an
Page 141 and 142: genética coincide con la zona de m
Page 143 and 144: Crosonychus viridis, Trechisibus an
Page 145 and 146: depredadores de lepidópteros, en l
Page 147 and 148: Respuesta a nivel de grupos funcion
Page 149 and 150: La conservación de los herbívoros
Page 151 and 152: Se ha propuesto que esta hipotétic
Page 153 and 154: En esta línea de razonamiento, las
Page 155 and 156: suceda en sistemas simples con poco
Page 157 and 158: BIBLIOGRAFIA Alarcón R. 1997. Resp
Page 159 and 160: isolated from the European cockchaf
Page 161 and 162: Hardin MR, Benrey, M Coll, WO Lamp,
Page 163 and 164: Lockwood JA, 1993. Environmental is
Page 165 and 166: Pimentel D, C Glenister, S Fast y D
Page 167 and 168: Swift MJ, J Vandermeer, PS Ramakris
Page 169 and 170: Zelada SH, 1998. Rol de la franja d
Page 171 and 172: Anexo 1. Índices de severidad de l
Page 173 and 174: Anexo 3. Capturas provenientes de l
Page 175 and 176: Anexo 5. Capturas provenientes de l
Page 177: Anexo 7. Capturas provenientes de l
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