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Parker, B.L., Skinner, M., Gouli, W. and Brownbridge, M. 1997. Impact of soil applications of Beauveria bassiana and Mariannaea sp. on nontarget forest arthropods. Biological Control 8: 203-206. Riechert, S.E. 1999. The hows and whys of successful pest suppression by spiders: insights from case studies. Journal of Arachnology 27: 387-396. Riedel, W. and Steenberg, T. 1998. Adult polyphagous coleopterans overwintering in cereal boundaries: winter mortality and susceptibility to the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Biocontrol 43: 175-188. Roig-Juñent, S. and Domínguez, M.C. 2001. Diversidad de la familia Carabidae (Coleoptera) en Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 74: 549-571. Römbke, J. and Moltmann, F. 1996. Applied Ecotoxicology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 282 p. Rose, R.I. 2005. An ecological risk assessment of Bt transgenic sweet corn on non-target invertebrate communities. PhD Dissertation, U. of Maryland, 101 p. Settle, W.H., Ariawan, H., Astuti, E.T., Cahyana, W., Hakim, A.L., Hindayana, D., Lestari, A.S. and Sartanto, P. 1996. Managing tropical pests through conservation of generalist natural enemies and alternative prey. Ecology 77: 1975-1988. Solomon, K.R., and Giesy, J.P. 2001. Ecological risk assessment of pesticides. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 7(3): 493-495. Spence, J.R. and Niemelä, J.K. 1994. Sampling carabid assemblages with pitfall traps: the madness and the method. The Canadian Entomologist 126: 881-894. Steenberg, T., Langer, V. and Esbjerg, P. 1995. Entomopathogenic fungi in predatory beetles (Col: Carabidae and Staphylinidae) from agricultural fields. Entomophaga 40(1): 77-85. ter Braak, C.J.F. and Smilauer, P. 1998. CANOCO reference manual and user’s guide to CANOCO for Windows. Microcomputer Power, Ithaca, New York, USA. Thiele, H.U. 1977. Carabids beetles in their environments. A study on habitat selection by adaptations in physiology and behaviour. Springer Verlag Berlin, 369 p. 91
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UNIVERSIDAD AUSTRAL DE CHILE FACULT
Page 3 and 4:
DIVERSIDAD Y CONTROL BIOLÓGICO DE
Page 5 and 6:
ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS INTRODUCCIÓN
Page 7 and 8:
4.- CAPÍTULO CUARTO: ANÁLISIS DE
Page 9 and 10:
CAPÍTULO I. INDICE DE CUADROS Tabl
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CAPÍTULO I. ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Fig
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Figure 5. Rarefaction curves for th
Page 15 and 16:
ABSTRACT About 10% of Southern Chil
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Sin embargo, a pesar de esta percep
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preeminencia de esta idea ha sido e
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niveles tróficos completos o grand
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Se ha propuesto diversos enfoques p
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El control de esta especie se reali
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con la consiguiente pérdida o dism
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4. Numerosos estudios se concentran
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1.- CAPÍTULO PRIMERO: DIVERSIDAD G
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sample, showing the potential use o
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and put it in a phylogeographical p
Page 37 and 38:
centrifugation and supernatant was
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(Schneider and Excoffier, 1999; Alt
Page 41 and 42:
All the putative populations showed
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strongly influenced by insect host
Page 45 and 46:
supported a geographical sub-divisi
Page 47 and 48:
Neuveglise C, Brygoo Y, Vercrambe B
Page 49 and 50:
Table 1. Environmental data for the
Page 51 and 52:
B907 Poike 27º 06' 109º 21' Easte
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B606 Lago Icalma 38º 50' 71º 20'
Page 55 and 56: Figure 1. NJ tree of the B fragment
Page 57 and 58: Figure 2. Haplotype tree inferred f
Page 59 and 60: Figure 4. Mismatch distributions of
Page 61 and 62: Figure 5. Haplotype diversity in th
Page 63 and 64: Table 6. Analyses of molecular vari
Page 65 and 66: Table 8. Pairwise differentiation e
Page 67 and 68: CONSERVATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF
Page 69 and 70: Introduction. In last decades, mode
Page 71 and 72: a dose of 10 12 spores per ha was s
Page 73 and 74: aerea were very low at 1 and 30 day
Page 75 and 76: explanation than no toxicity of the
Page 77 and 78: fields that are sprayed with pestic
Page 79 and 80: affected species, when present, whe
Page 81 and 82: Kiss, B., Samu, F., 2000. Evaluatio
Page 83 and 84: Wilby, A., Villareal, S., Lan, L.,
Page 85 and 86: ARANEAE Gnaphosidae 253 54 % Lycosi
Page 87 and 88: Activity density (individuals per p
Page 89 and 90: NON-TARGET EFFECTS OF Dalaca pallen
Page 91 and 92: same percentage of mortality on lar
Page 93 and 94: Treatments were applied on 15 Octob
Page 95 and 96: (Departamento de Producción y Sani
Page 97 and 98: Predators. Data set I. The principa
Page 99 and 100: predators extracted from soil cores
Page 101 and 102: particularly carabids. Most of the
Page 103 and 104: the consistent results allow us to
Page 105: Kenmore, P.E., Cariño, F., Perez,
Page 109 and 110: Table 2. Significance of treatment
Page 111 and 112: Figure 1. Persistence of B. bassian
Page 113 and 114: Figure 3. Principal response curve
Page 115 and 116: Figure 5. Principal response curve
Page 117 and 118: RESPONSE OF GRASSLAND SOIL ARTHROPO
Page 119 and 120: Introduction. Declining diversity h
Page 121 and 122: Fungus. Beauveria bassiana strain Q
Page 123 and 124: Data collection. The abundance and
Page 125 and 126: N is the total number of individual
Page 127 and 128: catches), while dominant species re
Page 129 and 130: knowledge of South Chile grassland
Page 131 and 132: Dennis, P., 2003. Sensitivity of up
Page 133 and 134: invertebrates. In: IFOAM 2000 The W
Page 135 and 136: Figure 2. Estimated numbers Beauver
Page 137 and 138: Figure 4. Effects of B. bassiana an
Page 139 and 140: Figure 6. Rarefaction curves for th
Page 141 and 142: genética coincide con la zona de m
Page 143 and 144: Crosonychus viridis, Trechisibus an
Page 145 and 146: depredadores de lepidópteros, en l
Page 147 and 148: Respuesta a nivel de grupos funcion
Page 149 and 150: La conservación de los herbívoros
Page 151 and 152: Se ha propuesto que esta hipotétic
Page 153 and 154: En esta línea de razonamiento, las
Page 155 and 156: suceda en sistemas simples con poco
Page 157 and 158:
BIBLIOGRAFIA Alarcón R. 1997. Resp
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isolated from the European cockchaf
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Hardin MR, Benrey, M Coll, WO Lamp,
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Lockwood JA, 1993. Environmental is
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Pimentel D, C Glenister, S Fast y D
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Swift MJ, J Vandermeer, PS Ramakris
Page 169 and 170:
Zelada SH, 1998. Rol de la franja d
Page 171 and 172:
Anexo 1. Índices de severidad de l
Page 173 and 174:
Anexo 3. Capturas provenientes de l
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177:
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