Sinterizazio-atmosferaren eragina M graduko (ASP 30 ... - Euskara

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CONTINUOUS SINTERING AT LOW TEMPERATURE OF HIGH SPEED STEELS IN AN INDUSTRIAL ATMOSPHERE RICH IN NITROGEN I . Urrutibeaskoa, S . Jauregi, F. Fernández, S . Talacchia, R . Palma, V . Martinez and J .J .Urcola Centro de Estudios de Investigaciones Técnicas de Guipúzcoa (CEIT) Apartado 1 .555 / 20080 SAN SEBASTIAN, Basque Country (Spain) and Escuela Superior de Ingenieros Industriales de San Sebastián P° Manuel de Lardizabal, 15 - 20009 SAN SEBASTIAN, Basque Country, SPAIN ABSTRACT Continuous sintering of near net shape compacted water atomized powders to full density at low temperatures in a gas atmosphere offers an innovative route to the production of several kinds of tools, dies and engineering components . Sintering of compacted water atomized powders- in an atmosphere -rich in nitrogen, as well as the technological and economic benefits of allowing a continuous sintering -instead of in closed batch-, decreasing the optimum sintering temperature and widening the sintering gate compared to vacuum sintering, offers several benefits : microstructural control (finer grain sizes, finer carbonitrides instead of massive carbides) and improved mechanical properties (higher hardness and better toughness) originating from the improved microstructures . The potential cost saving with low temperature atmosphere sintering, and improvement in microstructure, mechanical properties and performance in service, with the use of appropriated heat treatments offers the prospect of significant competitive advantage to manufacturers of tools and wear parts .
INTRODUCTION Work carried out in the last two decades on the sintering of high speed steel powders has allowed obtaining high density components with near net shapes . One of these routes is direct sintering, consisting of cold compaction of annealed water atomized powders and subsequent vacuum sintering to full density . This technique has been successfully applied to T1(1), M2(1), T6(2), T42(3,4), T15(5) and M42(6) . Recent work in CEIT has shown an alternative route to the vacuum sintering, reaching theoretical densities by sintering in a flowing atmosphere of N2- H2-CH4 . Work has been performed on M2(7), T15(8), T42(9), T6(10), M42(11) and Px<strong>30</strong> (12) . This last technique (gas atmosphere sintering) allows continuous sintering of near net shape compacted water atomized powders to full density at low temperatures (12-14) and hence can offer innovative routes to the production of several kinds of tools, dies and engineering components . Sintering of compacted water atomized powders- in an atmosphere rich in nitrogen, as well as the technological and economic benefits of allowing a continuous sintering -instead of in closed batch-, decreasing the optimum sintering temperature and widening the sintering gate (12-14) compared to vacuum sintering -as pointed above-, offers in addition several benefits : microstructural control (finer grain sizes, finer carbonitrides instead of massive carbides (12-14)) and improved mechanical properties (higher hardness and toughness (15,16)) originating from the appropriated heat treatment producing improved microstructures . In -the present work_ the advantages of sintering - iñ -nitrogen rich gas atmosphere compared with vacuum sintering are summarized . It is worth emphasizing that the potential cost saving with low temperature atmosphere sintering, and improvement in microstructure, mechanical properties and performance in service, with the use of new heat treatments offers the prospect of significant competitive advantage to manufacturers of tools and wear parts . EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Vacuum annealed, water atomized T42, T15 and Px<strong>30</strong> powders were bought from Powdrex Limited, Tonbridge, U .K. The composition of the powders provided by the manufacturer are given in Table I . Additions of 0 .2 weight % of
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Jakintza-arloa: Ingeniaritza Sinter
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Eta hau izan da nire bizitza orain
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Javiri neuk baino ondiokan poza hau
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ESKERRAK Lan. hau burutua izan bald
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"SINTERIZAZIO-ATMOSFERAREN ERAGINA
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austenita kopurua % 5-ekoa bakarrik
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AURKIBIDEA 1 . Sarrera . 11 1 .1 Po
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Taulak . 58 Irudiak . 62 4.Emaitzak
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Irudiak . 173 6 . Ondorioak . 175 7
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1 . ATALA : SARRERA . CAPÍTULO 1 :
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1. INTRODUCCIÓN La vía de la pulv
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Es Europa quien lidera la investiga
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tabilidad química y resistencia a
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Las diferencias en el coste de sint
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de sus propiedades, se ha anticipad
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Por ello, y a fin de comprobar si e
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2 . ATALA : BILDUMA BIBLIOGRAFIKOA
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2 .1 Constituyentes 2 . RECOPILACI
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En los dos procesos los hornos se c
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Debido a la elevada velocidad de so
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La presencia del hidrógeno hace a
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asumirse que los aceros rápidos ob
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Los aceros rápidos de herramientas
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elementos de aleación para que se
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nización, para una temperatura det
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Se introdujeron los factores de int
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2 .4 .2 .2 Tenacidad en probetas ci
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plástica, condiciones de L.E .F.M
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La Fig . 2 .6 /62/ presenta esquem
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Mientras que Lc en condiciones de f
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Sin embargo, cuando la grieta encon
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agrietadas por fatiga, un valor de
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una LVDT para medir la deflexión e
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4 .5 GPa, en cambio, ésta disminuy
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tura corresponden a inclusiones o c
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en que C es la mitad del espaciado
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donde Ey corresponde a la deformaci
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IRUDIAK FIGURAS
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C) 925 900 875 850 825 800 775 Q IV
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as 11 ,IN h, hk I B ----~ a 2 .7 .
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3 .1 Hautsen karakterizazioa 3 . TE
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3 .4 Sinterizazioa Sinterizazioak 6
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lortutako txirbila xehekatu eta gar
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hartu ziren kontutan : Banadio-, Kr
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Aq, B q , Cq eta D q ondoko koefizi
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µ = kontutan hartutako fasearen zu
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Tratamendu Termikoak sinterizaziora
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neurtu zen, zein beti agertu zen ma
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Probeta bakoitzaren haustura-azal b
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A arrabolen arteko distantzia da, C
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Hortaz, haustura-erresistentzia, de
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TAULAK TABLAS
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Materiale Sinterizazio- Atmosfera P
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IRUDIAK FIGURAS
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0 w 0,050a W= Iamm 9 = i2rrrarr 3 .
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4 . ATALA : EMAITZAK . CAPÍTULO 4
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4 .1 Sinterización 4 .1 .1 Acero P
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Metalografía : Las muestras sinter
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en los MX, probablemente debido a q
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sinterizaciones de 30°C sin que va
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La temperatura de aparición de est
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El proceso de sinterización result
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con grafito respectivamente, se obs
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Los MX encontrados en el Px30 son m
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4 .2 Tratamientos Térmicos 4 .2 .1
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Se midió el tamaño de grano de la
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ción . Cada punto es la media arit
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Mientras que la dureza de temple de
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Durezas Se midió la dureza a todas
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4 .3 Ensayos Mecánicos 4 .3 .1 Ens
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A partir de dichas curvas se calcul
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ésta, hasta llegar al máximo de d
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y para más altos contenidos en aus
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Deflexioaren neurketa makinaren def
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En el caso del Px30 se estudió no
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Módulo de Young El módulo de Youn
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Para durezas altas, las probetas de
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Transformación de la austenita Par
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superficies de contacto entre part
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TAULAK TABLAS
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4.1V Taula : Px30 altzairuaren karb
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4.X Taula : Eutektikoen agerpen-ten
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4.XIV Taula : Barker saiakuntzen em
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IRUDIAK FIGURAS
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4 .2 . Ir. : STO- jn sinterizatutak
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E 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 0 o ' --
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8 .5 • O • •o .11 ¡ L] 0 0 E
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Co H H 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 1 o 1 1
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4 .14 . Ir . : Hutsean sinterizatut
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s. .r ~ U C6 • 20 • b 10 • N
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(o 1000 900 800 700 600 CD Tenplatu
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a 10 Nm 4 .21 . Ir . : Gasean sinte
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4 .23 . Ir . : Gasean sinterizatuta
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L7 A 900 850 800 650 600 550 ' -L 1
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1000 900 800 700 0 -? AXo}- APERTUR
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Barker zailtasun-saiakuntza . Ensay
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4 .37 . Ir . : Lau puntutako makurd
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N Q) 1 .6 1 .4 1 0 .6 0 - 911 -O ~O
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Lau puntutako makurdura-saiakuntza
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Lau puntutan makurdura-saiakuntza .
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Lau puntutako makurdura-saiakuntza
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5 . ATALA : EZTABAIDA . CAPÍTULO 5
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5 .1 Densificación 5 .1 .1 Tempera
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con el mismo o también con que al
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con lo cual se obtienen los valores
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donde fvj es la fracción volumétr
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sido también encontrado en otros a
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En la figura 5 .4 se han agrupado e
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mas de sinterizado de los mismos ac
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dustrial . En dicha tabla se compar
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Los carburos MC de los aceros estud
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5 .1 .6 Composición química de lo
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5 .2 Tratamientos Térmicos En la F
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También se ha comentado que en el
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cesos en carbono equivalente y este
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5 .3 Ensayos Mecánicos 5 .3 .1 Ten
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derando también los puntos de la b
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donde se puede estimar el valor de
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Estos contenidos se calcularon para
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-mediante la expresión (2 .31)- y
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do la misma dureza y cantidad de au
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En la figura 5 .13 se presentan est
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5 .1 Taula: Karburoetan sartzen den
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5.1V Taula : MC karburoen konposake
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5 .VIII Taula : Karbono baliokideak
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Material Sinterizazio- Atmosfera At
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IRUDIAK FIGURAS
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Frecuency (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40
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100 80 ó ' 60 .J W H Z 40 w '< 20
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1 .4 1 0 .8 0 .4 • 1 0 20 Hondar-
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6 . ONDORIOAK 1 . % 90 N2-% 9 H2-%
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7. ATALA: IRADOKIZUNAK . CAPÍTULO
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7 . SUGERENCIAS 1 . Explorar hasta
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BIBLIOGRAFÍA (1) P. Payson ; "The
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(39) V .P. Martínez, R .H . Palma,
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(77) H . Takigawa, H . Manto, N. Ka
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ARGITARAPENAK . PUBLICACIONES .
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PUBLICACIONES . Publicaciones gener
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306 Urr uibeaskoa et al . Metallogr
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308 Urrutibeaskoa et al . Metallogr
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Figure 1 Microstructure of T42 + 0.
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Figure 3 Microstructure of T15 (1 .
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. . . 4 --s-- r a- 10 im Figure 5 M
Page 320 and 321: TABLE V Chemical analysis of M 23 C
Page 324 and 325: AVOIDING GRAIN GROWTH DURING THE SU
Page 326 and 327: 90 o GT42 80 o e GT42C VT42 * VT42C
Page 328 and 329: The presence of these MX carbonitri
Page 332 and 333: Publishing & Editorial The Institut
Page 334 and 335: INTRODUCTION Work carried out in th
Page 336 and 337: etter than 5 Pa during the sinterin
Page 338 and 339: gas atmosphere (see Table IV for qu
Page 340 and 341: - Needle type : observed only at hi
Page 342 and 343: -1o- (18) . These values would give
Page 344 and 345: Chemical composition of primary car
Page 346 and 347: CONCLUSIONS 1 . Addition of free ca
Page 348 and 349: Vasco, 1987, Bilbao, España . 13 .
Page 350 and 351: TABLE I Chemical analysis of as-rec
Page 352 and 353: TABLE IV Austenite grain size and p
Page 354 and 355: TABLE VII Chemical composition of C
Page 356 and 357: 8 .5 8 `/ U) 7 c o 6 .5 6 5 .5 1 1
Page 358 and 359: Fig . 3 : Microstructure at the opt
Page 360 and 361: L Ú y i3 70 60 30 - L 2 0 r- i Q L
Page 362 and 363: Frecuency (%) 100 90 - 80 70 - 60 -
Page 364 and 365: Frecuency (%) 100 90 - 80 - 70 - 60
Page 366 and 367: Fig. 8 a) Eutectic type carbides .
Page 369: March 10, 1992 Mr . J . J . Urcola
Page 373 and 374: sintered is observed in Table II .
Page 375 and 376: DISCUSSION Densification Kinetics .
Page 377 and 378: particle size smaller than 1 µm, w
Page 379 and 380: primary carbides present in the mic
Page 381 and 382: REFERENCES : 1 . F .L. Jaegger and
Page 383 and 384: CONDICION I C N (%owt) (%wt) O (%wt
Page 385 and 386: CONDICION Temperatura de sintetizad
Page 387 and 388: 1 a v~ 00 v~ N 0o N ( £ m3/2) kLIS
Page 389 and 390: u ( £ m0/ 2 ) xi ISNEIQ J 0 N M r-
Page 391 and 392: Fig . 5 . Microstructure of T15 spe
Page 393 and 394: N + D X O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I_ \o cn m
Page 395 and 396: O ó P .4 W ~ C7 3 ,a o z N ~ .~ á
Page 397 and 398: Q O x á á á 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 VI) L
Page 399 and 400: ∎ ∎ o In o Ln o ~n tt M M N N (
Page 401 and 402: Ar, W X -r (3) a IU"EldWRI 0 M X A4
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Sinterizazio-atmosferaren eragina M graduko (ASP 30 ... - Euskara

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