euskalarien nazioarteko jardunaldiak IKER - 1 - Euskaltzaindia

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HANS G. MUKAROVSKY lexicostatistical test undertaken in 1966 convinced me that Mande must be related to Hamito-Semitic, and that it is closer to Cushitic und Chadic than to its northern branches Berber and Semitic. In a later study I have demonstrated, in 1972, that the common numeral system of the Mande languages strongly resembles to that of Central Cushitic. Asserting the relationship of a group of West African with other African languages is not queer, but simply a case that has to be proven. The question is whether the proofs given are considered as valid and sufficient. But for us it involves-another conclusion. If we accept that Basque is related to Hamito- Semitic it will follow that Basque is also related to Mande, whatever the level of that relationship is. Of course it should be higher than that of a simple family. This relationship can, however, become visible by applying lexicostatistics. For this end I shall use here the well - known « 100 diagnostics items test list» proposed by Maurice Swadesh. Occasionally references will be given also to his second list of « 100 supplementary items ». Lexicostatistics has often been used for purposes of glottochronology. For that only one entry is admitted for every item which should be the term most used in the particular language to express the respective idea. As I do not intend to attrain results of such kind, the choice between alternares for single items where such ones exist, can be avoided. Even cases of semantic change which put the respective item out of being counted, retain their informative value. The Mande languages are presented as they are generally subclassified: Western and Eastern Mande languages, both of them consisting of Northern and Southern subgroups, one language, Bobo, standing apart. The numeration is that of Swadesh. 1. ni «I» Common Mande + ni. The pronoun is sometimes shortened to (syllabic) n, occasionally extended to nyá (Mende, Kpelle) and to an (Guro). In Bobo ne is preserved only in the possessive pronoun «my», otherwise + ni is replaced by ma. 2. (h)i «thou» Common Mande + i. The pronoun is extended to bi (in Mende) and be (in Bobo). Some South-Eastern Mande Languges employ a disjunctive pronoun ba against i as subject pronoun of the verb. Soninke and Bozo have ane and ä respectively. Though they also may go back to + i in compound forms + ang-i we list them as non-cognate. 3. gu «we» Common Mande + ke/ku. Some Mande languages employ two forms to express an exclusive and an inclusive («I and you ») form of the pronoun. 200 [2]
OUTLINE OF A LEXICOSTATISTICAL STUDY OF BASQUE AND THE MANDE LANGUAGES, ... Western Mande: Northern Group: exclusive (or common) Soninke o qoro Bozo . i ke Mandinka n Khassonke n-te-lu alá Malinke ne-lu ilá Bambara anu Dyula an Vai mu Kono ni mu Southern Group: Susu mukhu won Mende mu Bandi ni mu Loma ge de Kpelle ku gu Isolated: Bobo Southern Group: Mano Dan Guro Yaure Wé Mwä nu Nwä Bé ko ko ku ku ko kan an We can conclude that Proto-Mande had probably two pronouns to be assumed as + ani/anu and + ke/ku. 12. bi (bida, biga) «two» Common Mande +pira. Found in all languages, e. g. Western Mande, Northern Group Eastern Mande, Northern Group Soninke filio Samo pra Bozo pende Bisa pia; hira Mandinka fùla Busa pla Dyula fila Vai, Kono fela Southern Group Southern Group Susu fin Mano pédè Mende fèlé Dan pira Kpelle fele Guro fia Isolated: Bobo pla me ke Eastern Mande: Northern Group: inclusive exclusive inclusive (or common) Bisa wo, o Busa wo, o 21. (h)or «dog». In Mande several word-stems are found: Western Mande, Northern Group Western Mande, Southern Group Soninke wulle Mende ngíla Bozo guu; kon.goro Bandi ngila Mandinka wulo Loma gile-woro [31 201 wo
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euskalarien nazioarteko jardunaldia
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C EUSKO JAURLARITZAKO KULTURA SAILA
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Euskaltzaindiak, Jardunaldiak antol
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JARDUNALDIEN Egunoroko berriak Jose
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JARDUNALDIEN EGUNOROKO BERRIAK val
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JARDUNALDIEN EGUNOROKO BERRIAK alde
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SESSIONS PROGRAM August 25th to 29t
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PROGRAMA DE SESIONES Del 25 al 29 d
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PROGRAMME DES SESSIONS Du 25 au 29
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HASIERA EGUNA FIRST DAY DIA DE APER
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FR. LUIS VILLASANTE XVII. mende hor
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FR. LUIS VILLASANTE Horra zergatik
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FR. LUIS VILLASANTE Altube jaunak b
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EUSKARARI BURUZKO IKERKETAK GAUR EG
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PEDRO MIGEL ETXENIKE dutelako bakar
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KULTUR KONTSEILARIAREN AGURRA Euska
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KULTUR KONTSEILARIAREN AGURRA Mais
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KARLOS GARAIKOETXEA zenean, mespres
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KARLOS GARAIKOETXEA egingo. Bainan
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II TXOSTENA PAPER PONENCIA EXPOSE
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ANDRE MARTINET Nous trouvons d'abor
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ANDRE MARTINET L'opposition des aff
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ANDRE MARTINET renforcée par la pr
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ANDRE MARTINET sentaient une seule
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ANDRE MARTINET l'aspiration se main
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ANDRE MARTINET tuée a une durée s
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ANDRE MARTINET Frikatiba ildokari h
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ANDRE MARTINET En una tercera fase,
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EUSKAL FONETIKA Kilburn MACMURRAUGH
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EUSKAL FONETIKA modernoetan batez e
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EUSKAL FONETIKA nas sin descartar l
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ENRIQUE KNORR No han faltado alguno
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ENRIQUE KNORR Estos autores o escri
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ENRIQUE KNORR Me valdré de algunos
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sentan a la Junta, confesando que a
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género de obras, y particularmente
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§ 2.° De la voz en general. 1.°
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chi, Pacho, de Francisco;Juaniz, Ju
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D. 3.° Igualmente se anotarán en
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nifica «maíz», en cierta parte d
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no convendrá en este punto usar de
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llana, se hará esta advertencia: g
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J 9.º Las frases y refranes se han
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Apantamientos para las notas o adic
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E. 9.º Quando una voz es universal
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ENRIQUE KNORR y la 4. a, la de hall
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ENRIQUE KNORR 3.° El tercer medio
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ENRIQUE KNORR vaciar los que se enc
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ENRIQUE KNORR Con la obra escrita a
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ENRIQUE KNÖRR su nativa lengua, pu
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ENRIQUE KNORR son indispensables en
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ENRIQUE KNORR Comisión 4.ª Diccio
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ENRIQUE KNÖRR Disimúleme Vd. con
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MOGUELEN LAU GUTUN BERRI PRESTAMERO
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HIRUGARREN JARDUNA THIRD SESSION TE
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COMPARACION: LEXICO-ESTADISTICA Y T
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COMPARACION: LÉXICÖ-ESTADISTICA l
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COMPARACION: LÉXICÖ-ESTADISTICA l
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CÖMPARACION: LEXICO-ESTADISTICA am
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Page 133 and 134: COMPARACION: LÉXICO-ESTADISTICA am
Page 135 and 136: COMPARACIÖN: LEXICO-ESTADISTICA de
Page 137 and 138: COMPARACION: LEXICO-ESTADISTICA muy
Page 139 and 140: 1. síntesis: medio COMPARACIÖN: L
Page 141 and 142: • COMPARACION: LEXICO-ESTADISTICA
Page 143 and 144: DRO IV vietn. esquim. COMPARACION:
Page 145 and 146: Ñ C1 e II 1 / 1 1 / / / / / 1 Irpl
Page 147 and 148: CÖMPARACIÖN: LEXICÖ-ESTADISTICA
Page 149 and 150: CÖMPARACION: LEXICO-ESTADISTICA HY
Page 151 and 152: IV TXOSTENA PAPER PONENCIA EXPOSE
Page 153 and 154: TERENCE H. WILBUR to some degree ma
Page 155 and 156: TERENCE H. WILBUR affixes. ( I have
Page 157 and 158: TERENCE H. WILBUR 16. Ez bide da ur
Page 159 and 160: TERENCE H. WILBUR one assumes, like
Page 161 and 162: TERENCE H. WILBUR focussed noun phr
Page 163 and 164: TERENCE H . WILBUR Lengthy consider
Page 165 and 166: TERENCE H. WILBUR described as Moda
Page 167 and 168: TERENCE H. WILBUR This accounts for
Page 169 and 170: TERENCE H. WILBUR RÉSUMÉ Ce trava
Page 171 and 172: COMMON HAMITO-SEMITIC AND BASQUE WI
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Page 179 and 180: COMMON HAMITO-SEMITIC AND bASQUE WI
Page 181: OUTLINE OF A LEXICOSTATISTICAL STUD
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Page 195 and 196: EUSCARO - CAUCASICA * Jan BRAUN No
Page 197 and 198: EUSCARO - CAUCASICA 8. georg kurcxa
Page 199 and 200: EUSCARO - CAUCASICA 4. georg. kence
Page 201 and 202: EUSCARO - CAUCASICA Ene ustez badit
Page 203 and 204: GUNTER BRETTSCHNEIDER infinitive di
Page 205 and 206: GUNTER BRETTSCHNEIDER lenguas aglut
Page 207 and 208: GUNTER BRETTSCHNEIDER tipológico
Page 209 and 210: GUNTER BRETTSCHNEIDER ges»), el va
Page 211 and 212: (21) (23) x GUNTER BRETTSCHNEIDER d
Page 213 and 214: GUNTER BRETTSCHNEIDER particular. E
Page 215 and 216: ONCEPTUALIZACIO GUNTER BRETTSCHNEID
Page 217 and 218: verb-final in subordinare clauses f
Page 219 and 220: GUNTER BRETTSCHNEIDER Cettes apprOc
Page 221 and 222: LA RELACION ENTRE EL VASCO Y EL IBE
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LA RELACION ENTRE EL VASCO Y EL IBE
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LA RELACION ENTRE EL VASCO Y EL IBE
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JEAN-BAPTISTE ETCHARREN En conclusi
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EUSKAL ETA KARTVELIAR IZEN BATZUREN
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EUSKAL ETA KARTVELIAR BATZUREN KIDE
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LAUGARREN JARDUNA FOURTH SESSION CU
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JACQUES ALLIERES linguistiques. Ajo
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JACQUES ALLIERES légion, et encore
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JACQUES ALLIERES mentionnés tout
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JACQUES ALLIERES ja eginik. Horrela
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V TXOSTENA PAPER PONENCIA EXPOSE
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ROBERT TRASK particularly interesti
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ROBERT TRASK Now consider the form
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ROBERT TRASK Intransitive verbs adh
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In Milafranga, one must say ROBERT
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ROBERT TRASK (The same occurs with
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ROBERT TRASK Prefix Suffix Pronoun
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ROBERT TRASK differ in the way the
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ROBERT TRASK (37) Nere ama hil da.
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ROBERT TRASK Acknowledgements: I wo
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ROBERT TRASK JACOBSEN, W. H. Jr.: (
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AUTOUR DES FORMES ALLOCUTIVES DU BA
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AUTOUR DES FORMES ALLOCUTIVES DU RA
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PATXI ALTUNA denboraz pixka bat ald
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PATXI ALTUNA datzala azken horren a
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PATXI ALTUNA 6. Some adjetives seem
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EIBARKO ADITZ-LAGUNTZAILEAREN PARAD
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3 3 NI ORAINA NAIZ NO/ N JATA JATA/
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[5] NI Z HI HA (Bera) GU IRAGANA NI
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(Singular) Gauza bar NERI (Plural)
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[9] NIK — — ZUK HIK HAREK GUK Z
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SUMMARY EIBARKO ADITZ-LAGUNTZAILEAR
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[1] XUKAKO ADITZ JOSKERA LUZAIDEKO
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XUKAKO ADITZ JOSKERA LUZAIDEKO MINT
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Ziechu: Heldu ziechu C. XUKAKO ADIT
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BA- ETA EZ- FONETIKAREN ALDETIK 1 G
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BA- ETA EZ- FONETIKAREN ALDETIK 4.2
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BA- ETA EZ- FONETIKAREN ALDETIK Bor
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BA- ETA EZ- FONETIKAREN ALDETIK 5.3
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BA- ETA EZ- FONETIKAREN ALPETIK aho
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ALFONSO IRIGOYEN nos llevan a estab
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ALFONSO IRIGOYEN Esto, naturalmente
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ALFONSO IRIGOYEN id, Iudicio genera
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ALFONSO IRIGOYEN distinto proceso c
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ALFONSO IRIGOYEN para e] manuscrito
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ALFONSO IRIGOYEN mentaria con oiñ,
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ALFONSO IRIGOYEN primer haur puede
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ALFONSO IRIGOYEN aitzinian, «héme
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ALFONSO IRIGOYEN En el dicc. de Lha
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ALFONSO IRIGOYEN registradas más a
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ALFONSO IRIGOYEN foL 56v), «Don Se
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ALFONSO IRIGOYEN época romana, don
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ALFONSO IRIGOYEN prefijos-, conserv
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ALFONSO IRIGOYEN a Estella, donde y
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ALFONSO IRIGOYEN Bermeo y Lequeitio
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ALFONSO IRIGOYEN orrako y arako, es
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ALFONSO IRIGOYEN Junto a esta forma
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ALFONSO IRIGOYEN en Elorrio, donde
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ALFONSO IRIGOYEN apparaissent dans
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PIERRE LAFITTE direla usatzen hutsi
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TXOMIN PEILLEN famatuaren mikrofilm
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TXOMIN PEILLEN baterako ipuin asko
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TXOMIN PEILLEN ...) and a lot of de
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BOSTGARREN JARDUNA FIFTH SESSION QU
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PERSPECTIVE DE RECHERCHES FUTURES L
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PERSPECTlVE DE RECHERCHES FUTURES l
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PERSPECTIVE DE RECHERCHES FUTURES V
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PERSPECTIVE DE RECHERCHES FUTURES I
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LABURPENA PERSPECTIVE DE RECHERCHES
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AGERPENAK REPORTS COMUNICACIONES CO
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TADAO SHlMOMIYA languages before th
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LABURPENA TADAO SHIMOMIYA George Bo
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JEFFREY G. HEATH will deal here, ho
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JEFFREY G. HEATH with other typolog
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JEFFREY G. HEATH tested, but they s
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JEFFREY G. HEATH initial array of c
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JEFFREY G. HEATH as dative on the s
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JEFFREY G. HEATH morphologiquement,
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SHOTA DZIDZIGURI entre vosotros otr
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SHOTA DZIDZIGURI Zytsar, es «Intro
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SHOTA DZIDZIGURI Georgia also wishe
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SALOME GABUNIA Dans le présent rap
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SALOME GABUNIA recherches récentes
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SALOME GABUNIA To study in detail t
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ON EUSCARO-CAUCASIAN LINGUISTIC REL
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LINGUISTIQUE THEORIQUE - LINGUISTIQ
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LINGUISTIQUE THEORIQUE-LINGUISTIQUE
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Ma. JOSE AZURMENDI - FC0. JOSE OLAR
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Ma JOSE AZURMENDI - FCO. JOSE OLART
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Ma JOSE AZURMENDI • FCO. JOSE OLA
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M" JOSE AZURMENDI - FCO. JOSE OLART
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2. Silaba moeta ezberdinetako maizt
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S1LABA MOETA CV - CVV KORPUS MONOSI
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SILABA MOETA V - VV KORPUS MONOSILA
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Mª JOSE AZURMENDI - FCO. JOSE OLAR
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Mª. JOSE AZURMENDI . FCO. JOSE OLA
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E/ FONEMA KORPUS V - VV VC - VVC CV
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^ /0/ FONEMA KORPUS V - VY VC - VVC
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INI FONEMA KORPUS V - VV VC - VVC C
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lT/ FONEMA KORPUS V - VV VC - VVC C
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D/ FONEMA KORPUS y - VV VC - VVC CV
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Z/ FONEMA KORPUS V - VV VC - VVC CV
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514 Mª JOSE AZURMENDI - FCO. JOSE
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M.ª JOSE AZURMENDI . FCO. JOSE OLA
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— Jacques Alliéres HIZLARIAK REP
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—Kilburn MacMurraugh Sacramenton
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— Odon de Apraiz Buesa GONBIDATUA
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IDAZKARITZA IRAUNKORRA SECRETARY BU
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Abaitua, 25. Abiven, 212. Adema, 26
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Etxahun, 39, 40, 361. Etxaide, 36,
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250, 252, 255, 277, 278, 286, 287,
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Wais, 164. Wald, 292, 293, 304. Wal
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Elustondo Etxeberria, Mikel. Azpeit
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AURKIBIDEA INDEX INDICE INDEX
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HIRUGARREN JARDUNA — THIRD SESSIO
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ARGAZKIAK PHOTOGRAPHYS FOTOGRAFIAS
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2. Gernikako Mahaia. Aita Villasant
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6. Jean Haritschelhar bere txostena
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10. Antonio Tovar Leioan. 11. Teren
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14. Luis Mitxelena bere txostena ir
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euskalarien nazioarteko jardunaldiak IKER - 1 - Euskaltzaindia

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