euskalarien nazioarteko jardunaldiak IKER - 1 - Euskaltzaindia

TERENCE H. WILBUR
to some degree makes universalist claims. We are familiar with these stances
under the labels: Extended Standard Theory, Generative Semantics, Relational
Grammar, Axiomatic Grammar, Natural Generative Grammar, and
several others. All of these various approaches share a common ambition in
that they aim at being internally consistent, axiomatic systems created with
the hope that the empirical evidence will somehow fit into the proposed
system. We must admit that it is good scientific procedure to adopt a plausible
point of view and then to follow it to its logical end. This practice has
produced an enormous literature as well as a great deal of polemical fun,
which only points up the vitality of the discipline.
The goal of contemporary syntactic investigation is often stated by means
of the commonplace: «The function of a grammar is to link meaning with
sound» 1 . In other terms we must say simply, we seek to determine just how
meaning is expressed linguistically. The real link between sound and meaning
is the syntactic component. At this point, we must avoid the ancient'philosophical
puzzle of just what the «meaning of meaning» is and take it in its
ordinary, everyday sense. I shall postpone any further probing into sophisticated
semantics until we meet certain concrete points in the course of this
paper.
I must note that, from an older point of view, linguistics in its search for
the universal properties of the human language faculty has to some extent
been diverted from one of its major tasks: the description of the lesser known
languages. ( It is another commonplace that only a handful of natural
languages have ever been described with any degree of adequacy at all.)
Basque is one of these lesser known languages. Basque is usually mentioned
as an example of an ergative-type language and illustrated by means of a few
sentences drawn from Lafitte2. Owing to the spate of papers on ergative-type
languages in the last five years, at least two of these sentences have achieved a
son of international fame. With these two sentences, any further probing into
the nature of Basque grammar ends, for Basque is an exotic language that has
the effrontery to live not in some far-distant land, but in the westernmost part
of Western Europe. Everybody discourses learnedly about Basque, but only
in terms of one isolated grammatical feature. That is worse than total
ignorance.
For very definite historical reasons, linguists have developed an antipathy
to highly conscious literary texts as evidence. They prefer spontaneous
elicitations from native informants, however recorded, and the evidence of
their own'introspection. In spite of this common practice and in the face of
1. Renate Bartsch and Theo Vennemann. 1972. Semantic Structures. Frankfurt/Main: Athenaum
Verlag, p. 3.
2. A glaring example is to be found in Edward Keenan and Bemard Comrie. 1977. «Noun
phrase accessibility and universal grammar,» Linguistic Inquiry 8, 72. All references to Lafitte
with section or pase number refer to: Pierre Lafitte. 1963 Grammaire Basque
(navarro-labourdine
littéraire). Bayonne: Amis du musée basque, 2d ed.
17G [2]