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ÏÅÐÅÁÎÐÛ Perebory Ñòàòóñ. ÃÏÏ ïàëåîíòîëîãè÷åñêîãî è èñòîðèêî-ãåîëîãè÷åñêîãî òèïà þðñêîé ñèñòåìû ìåñòíîãî ðàíãà. Óíèêàëüíîñòü. Êëàññè÷åñêèé ðàçðåç íà ð. Âîëãå þðñêèõ ñëîåâ, ïðèíàäëåæàùèõ êåëëîâåéñêîìó è îêñôîðäñêîìó ÿðóñàì. Ýòî íàèáîëåå êðóïíûé âûõîä êåëëîâåéñêèõ îòëîæåíèé â ßðîñëàâñêîé îáëàñòè, èñêîïàåìàÿ ôàóíà êîòîðîãî îòëè÷àåòñÿ íàèáîëüøèì ðàçíîîáðàçèåì. Èç äàííîãî ðàçðåçà ïðîèñõîäÿò ýòàëîííûå îáðàçöû íåñêîëüêèõ âèäîâ þðñêèõ àììîíèòîâ êåëëîâåéñêîãî ÿðóñà, õàðàêòåðíûõ íå òîëüêî äëÿ ÿðîñëàâñêîé þðû, íî è âñåé Öåíòðàëüíîé Ðîññèè. Ìåñòîïîëîæåíèå è êîíôèãóðàöèÿ. Ðûáèíñêèé ðàéîí, ïðàâûé áåðåã Âîëãè â 200 ì íèæå ïëîòèíû â ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè ã. Ðûáèíñêà (ðàéîí Ïåðåáîðû). Êîðåííûå ïîðîäû íà÷èíàþò âûõîäèòü óæå íåïîñðåäñòâåííî âáëèçè ïëîòèíû â âèäå îñòðîâêîâ ñåðûõ ãëèí ó óðåçà âîäû. Ãëèíû ñëàãàþò îñíîâàíèå áåðåãà íà ïðîòÿæåíèè îêîëî 300 ì îò ïëîòèíû è ñëóæàò ìåñòíûì âîäîóïîðîì, ïîýòîìó íà âñåì ïðîòÿæåíèè áåðåã çàáîëî÷åí. Íåïîñðåäñòâåííî íèæå ïëîòèíû ðàñïîëîæåí êàáåëüíûé çàâîä, êîòîðûé ïðîòÿãèâàåòñÿ äî óñòüÿ Ôîìèíñêîãî ðó÷üÿ. Ïîñëåäíåå ïðåäñòàâëÿåò íåáîëüøîé ýñòóàðèé, ïîñòîÿííî ïðîìûâàåìûé ïðè åæåíåäåëüíûõ êîëåáàíèÿõ óðîâíÿ Âîëãè. Ãëàâíîå îáíàæåíèå íàõîäèòñÿ íèæå óñòüÿ è ïðîòÿãèâàåòñÿ íà 100 ì. Âûñîòà ðàçðåçà íå ïðåâûøàåò ïîëóòîðà ìåòðîâ è ïî÷òè íå èìååò âåðòèêàëüíîé ñòåíêè (òàáë. 11). Ýòî î÷åíü ïîëîãèé cêëîí, îáíàæàþùèéñÿ òîëüêî âî âðåìÿ çàêðûòèÿ ñòâîðîâ ïëîòèíû. Íà âñåì ïðîòÿæåíèè áåðåã ñèëüíî îñëîæíåí îïîëçíÿìè, ÷òî ñóùåñòâåííî óñëîæíÿåò ñòðîåíèå áåðåãà è èçìåíÿåò ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü ñëîåâ â êîðåííûõ ïîðîäàõ, î ÷åì åùå ðàíüøå îòìå÷àëîñü ïåðâûìè èññëåäîâàòåëÿìè ðûáèíñêîé þðû è ïðèâîäèëî ê îøèáêàì ïðè îïèñàíèè ðàçðåçîâ (Êðûëîâ, 1872; Íèêèòèí, 1881). Îõðàííàÿ çîíà âêëþ÷àåò 50 ì âäîëüáåðåãîâîé ïîëîñû âûøå ñêëîíîâ ïåðâîé íàäïîéìåííîé òåððàñû. Èñòîðè÷åñêèé îáçîð. Ðàéîí Ïåðåáîðû ñîâðåìåííîãî Ðûáèíñêà ïîëó÷èë íàçâàíèå îò äåðåâíè, êîòîðàÿ íàõîäèëàñü çà ïðåäåëàìè ãîðîäà äî ïîÿâëåíèÿ Ðûáèíñêîé ïëîòèíû è âîäîõðàíèëèùà, ïðèìåðíî ïîñåðåäèíå ìåæäó äåðåâíÿìè Ôîìèíñêîå è Ëüãîâåö. Ïîñëåäíèå âïîñëåäñòâèè òàêæå âîøëè â ñîñòàâ ã. Ðûáèíñêà. Â ïðîøëîì íà ó÷àñòêå ïðàâîãî áåðåãà Âîëãè ìåæäó ýòèìè äåðåâíÿìè ðàñïîëàãàëàñü íåïðåðûâíàÿ ïîëîñà îáíàæåíèé þðñêèõ ïîðîä, êîòîðûå îïèñûâàëèñü âî âñåõ ðàáîòàõ ïåðâûõ èññëåäîâàòåëåé ÿðîñëàâñêîé þðû êàê íàèáîëåå ïðåäñòàâèòåëüíûå (Ùóðîâñêèé, 1867, 1868; Êðûëîâ, 1872; Íèêèòèí, 1881, 1884). Àíàëîãè÷íûå îáíàæåíèÿ ðàñïîëàãàëèñü è ñåâåðíåå ä. Ëüãîâåö, äî ä. Øóìàðîâî è ñ. Êàìåíèê. Â íèõ áûëè ïðåäñòàâëåíû ñàìûå õàðàêòåðíûå ðàçðåçû ÿðîñëàâñêîé þðû. Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ âñå ýòè îáíàæåíèÿ, çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì ðàçðåçà ó Ïåðåáîð, ÿâëÿþòñÿ çàòîïëåííûìè Ðûáèíñêèì âîäîõðàíèëèùåì èëè çàñòðîåíû. Â ñâîèõ ðàáîòàõ âñå âûøåóïîìÿíóòûå èññëåäîâàòåëè äàþò ïîäðîáíîå îïèñàíèå îáíàæåíèé è ïðèâîäÿò áîãàòûå ñïèñêè îêàìåíåëîñòåé, â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü àììîíèòîâ. Â ñâÿçè ñ òåì, ÷òî áåðåãà Âîëãè â ðàéîíå Ïåðåáîð è ðàçðåçû íàðóøåíû îïîëçíÿìè, îïèñàíèÿ ïåðâûõ èññëåäîâàòåëåé ÷àñòî îòëè÷àëèñü äðóã îò äðóãà è áûëè îøèáî÷íûìè. Ïåðâûå ïðàâèëüíûå îïèñàíèÿ ïðèíàäëåæàò Ñ. Í. Íèêèòèíó, êîòîðûé òàêæå âïåðâûå ïðèâîäèò è èçîáðàæåíèÿ àììîíèòîâ. Ñðåäè íèõ îïèñûâàåòñÿ 11 íîâûõ âèäîâ, ìíîãèå èç êîòîðûõ ÿâëÿþòñÿ õàðàêòåðíûìè àììîíèòàìè ñðåäíåé-âåðõíåé þðû âñåé Åâðîïåéñêîé Ðîññèè, à òàêæå Çàïàäíîé Åâðîïû è äàæå Àðêòè÷åñêîãî áàññåéíà (òåêñò-ôèã. 1-3). Â 1940-å-1950-å ãã. îáíàæåíèå ðåãóëÿðíî ïîñåùàëîñü ñòóäåíòàìè ßðîñëàâñêîãî ïåäàãîãè÷åñêîãî èíñòèòóòà è ïðåïîäàâàòåëåì À. Í. Èâàíîâûì. Èõ ãåîëîãè÷åñêèå è ïàëåîíòîëîãè÷åñêèå íàáëþäåíèÿ îïóáëèêîâàíû â äâóõ ðàáîòàõ (Èâàíîâ, 1950; Ìàñèí, Óñàòþê, 1959). Â ñîáðàííîé èìè íåïîñðåäñòâåííî èç ðàçðåçà ó ä. Ïåðåáîðû êîëëåêöèè îêàìåíåëîñòåé íåäàâíî îáíàðóæåíî è îïèñàíî åùå 2 íîâûõ âèäîâ àììîíèòîâ Ñadoceras bryocostilatum Kiselev è C. vetulum Kiselev, õàðàêòåðíûõ äëÿ ñðåäíåãî êåëëîâåÿ (Êèñåëåâ, 1999). Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ïàìÿòíèê ÿâëÿåòñÿ îáúåêòîì ãåîëîãè÷åñêèõ ýêñêóðñèé äëÿ ðûáèíñêèõ øêîëüíèêîâ è ïàëåîíòîëîãîâ-ëþáèòåëåé. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ðàéîí ä. Ïåðåáîðû ÿâëÿåòñÿ êëàññè÷åñêîé òèïîâîé ìåñòíîñòüþ äëÿ ðÿäà êåëëîâåéñêèõ, îêñôîðäñêèõ, êèìåðèäæñêèõ è âîëæñêèõ àììîíèòîâ. Â îñîáåííîñòè ýòî êàñàåòñÿ 33
êåëëîâåéñêèõ è îêñôîðäñêèõ âèäîâ. Â íåêîòîðîé ñòåïåíè ðûáèíñêèå ðàçðåçû íà Âîëãå äîïîëíÿþòñÿ âûõîäàìè íà ð. ×åðåìóõå (ÃÏÏ «Êîíþøèíî», «Èîäà» è äð.). Îäíàêî ïî áîãàòñòâó è ðàçíîîáðàçèþ èñêîïàåìîé ôàóíû êåëëîâåéñêîãî ÿðóñà, îáíàæåíèå ó Ïåðåáîð íå èìååò ðàâíûõ â ßðîñëàâñêîé îáëàñòè, ÷òî ïðèäàåò åìó îñîáåííî âàæíîå çíà÷åíèå. Ñòðàòèãðàôèÿ. Â ðàçðåçå îáíàæàþòñÿ, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî, ñëîè êåëëîâåéñêîãî ÿðóñà (ðèñ. 13). Îñòàëüíûå ÿðóñû (îêñôîðäñêèé, êèìåðèäæñêèé è âîëæñêèé) ïî÷òè íå âûðàæåíû â ðàçðåçå, îíè ìàëîìîùíû, âñòðå÷àþòñÿ òîëüêî ìåñòàìè è ÷àñòî çàêðûòû è íàðóøåíû îïîëçíÿìè. Ñóùåñòâóåò åùå îäíà õàðàêòåðíàÿ îñîáåííîñòü îáíàæåíèÿ, çàòðóäíÿþùàÿ ãåîëîãè÷åñêèå íàáëþäåíèÿ: þðñêèå ñëîè â îñíîâíûõ ìåñòàõ ñâîåãî âûõîäà îðèåíòèðîâàíû ïî÷òè âåðòèêàëüíî è ðàñïîëîæåíû èíîãäà ïåðïåíäèêóëÿðíî ê áåðåãîâîé ëèíèè. Âåðîÿòíî, ýòè íàðóøåíèÿ ïåðâè÷íîé îðèåíòàöèè ñëîåâ ÿâëÿþòñÿ ëåäíèêîâûìè äèñëîêàöèÿìè, îáðàçîâàâøèìèñÿ â ïëåéñòîöåíå. Â ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì ðàçðåç ïðèõîäèòñÿ èçó÷àòü ïî ãîðèçîíòàëè, ïåðåìåùàÿñü âäîëü áåðåãîâîé ëèíèè. Íàèáîëåå äðåâíèå ñëîè ðàñïîëîæåíû áëèæå ê Ôîìèíñêîìó ðó÷üþ. S. calloviense (Sow.) Kos. (Lob.) åx gr. proniae Teiss., Êos. ( Kos.) transitionis (Nik.), Gul. ( Gul.) rimosum (Quen.) Kos. (Gu.) jason jason (Rein.), Kos.(Kos.) tschernischevi Nik., Gul. (Gul.) jenceni (Teis.), Gul. (Sp.) tschegemensis (Tschich.), I. mutatus (Traut.) var. b, H. (A.) submutatus (Nik.), Gr. cf. meridionalis (Neum.) Kos. (Catas.) enodatum (Nik.), C. (R.) milaschevici khudyaevi Kiselev Kos. (Gu.) medea medea Call., Gul. (Gul.) gulielmii (Sow.) Kos. (Gu.) medea magnum Kiselev, Gul. (Sp.) tschegemensis (Tschich.) C. (R.) milaschevici milaschevici (Nik.), C. (St.) arcticoides Kiselev et Meledina, C. (B.) bryocostilatum Kiselev, C. (B.) vetulum Kiselev, C. (B.) schumarovi Nik., C. (P.) postelatmae, Ps. (Pr.) cuneatum Sas., Ps. (Cos.) gr. nanseni (Pomp.) Ðèñ. 13. Ãåîëîãè÷åñêèé ðàçðåç ÃÏÏ «Ïåðåáîðû». Ëèòîëîãè÷åñêèå îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ñì. íà ðèñ. 3. Åäèíèöà èçìåðåíèÿ ëèíåéêè ìîùíîñòè ðàâíà 0,5 ì. Þðñêàÿ ñèñòåìà, ñðåäíèé îòäåë Êåëëîâåéñêèé ÿðóñ, íèæíèé ïîäýÿðóñ, çîíà Sigaloceras calloviense – cðåäíèé ïîäúÿðóñ, çîíà Kosmoceras jason – âåðõíèé ïîäúÿðóñ, çîíà Peltoceras athleta 1. Ãëèíà òåìíî-ñåðàÿ, ñëàáîèçâåñòêîâèñòàÿ, ïëîòíàÿ, íåñëîèñòàÿ, ñ ðåäêèìè êîíêðåöèÿìè êðóïíîêðèñòàëëè÷åñêîãî ïèðèòà. Â ñëîå ÷àñòî âñòðå÷àþòñÿ ñêîïëåíèÿ ôàóíû ñ äâóìÿ-òðåìÿ êðóïíûìè àììîíèòàìè – îñíîâàòåëÿìè çàõîðîíåíèÿ (ñì. òàêæå àíàëîãè÷íûé ñëîé â ÃÏÏ «Êîíþøèíî»). Â 1,5-2 ì íèæå óñòüÿ Ôîìèíñêîãî ðó÷üÿ íàéäåíû îáðàçöû íèæíåêåëëîâåéñêèõ àììîíèòîâ Sigaloceras cf. calloviense (Sow.). Íèæå îò ðó÷üÿ ïî ðàçðåçó âûõîäÿò ãëèíû ñðåäíåãî êåëëîâåÿ íà ïðîòÿæåíèè 50 ì ñ àììîíèòàìè: Kosmoceras (Gulielmites) jason (Rein.) (òàáë. 12, ôèã. 16), K. (G.) medea Call. (òàáë. 12, ôèã. 13-15), K. (Kosmoceras) tschernischewi (Teiss.) (òàáë. 12, ôèã. 9-12), Gulielmiceras jenceni Teiss., G. tschegemense (Chikh.), Cadoceras (Rondiceras) milaschevici (Nik.) (òàáë. 11, ôèã. 1, 2), Cadoceras (Streptocadoceras) arcticoides Kiselev et Meledina (òàáë. 12, ôèã. 1-6), C. (Bryocadoceras) bryocostilatum Kiselev, C. (B.) vetulum Kiselev (òàáë. 12, ôèã. 7, 8), Ñ. (B.) schumarovi (Nik.), Indosphinctes mutatus (Traut.), Okaites pseudomosquensis (Siem.), Putealiceras ironense (Chikh.). Áåëåìíèòû: Lagonibelus (Holcobeloides) beaumonti (Orb.) (òàáë. 13, ôèã. 3, 4), Cylindroteuthis oweni (Pratt et Phill.), C. (Arctoteuthis) subextensa (Nik.), Pachyteuthis (Pachyteuthis) cuneata Gust. (òàáë. 13, ôèã. 1, 2), Pachyteuthis (P.) tschernischewi Krim., Acroteuthis (Microbelus) krimholzi Gust. (òàáë. 13, ôèã. 5, 6). Â êðîâëå ñëîÿ (âíèç îò ðó÷üÿ) ïðîõîäèò íå âûðàæåííûé ïðîñëîé ñ ôîñôîðèòàìè è âåðõíåêåëëîâåéñêèìè àììîíèòàìè Kosmoceras (Lobokosmoceras) cf. proniae Teiss. (òàáë. 12, ôèã. 17), K. (Kosmoceras) cf. spinosum (Sow.). Ñðåäè äîííûõ áåñïîçâîíî÷íûõ ïðåîáëàäàþò áðàõèîïîäû Ivanoviella alemanica (Rollier) (òàáë. 13, ôèã. 11, 12). Ñðåäè ïîçâîíî÷íûõ îòìå÷àþòñÿ íàõîäêè õèìåð (òàáë. 11, ôèã. Òåêñò-ôèã. 1. Ýòàëîííûå îáðàçöû àììîíèòîâ êåëëîâåéñêîãî ÿðóñà èç îòëîæåíèé ðàéîíà ÃÏÏ «Ïåðåáîðû». Ôèã. 1, 2. Cadoceras (Bryocadoceras) schumarovi (Nikitin 1884). Ãîëîòèï: Íèêèòèí, 1884, òàáë. 3, ôèã. 16. Øóìàðîâî. Ñðåäíèé êåëëîâåé. Ôèã. 3, 4. Cadoceras (Rondiceras) milaschevici (Nikitin 1881). Ãîëîòèï: Íèêèòèí, 1881, òàáë. 3, ôèã. 25. Áîëîáàíîâî. Ñðåäíèé êåëëîâåé. Ôèã. 5, 6. Cadoceras (Rondiceras) milaschevici compressum (Nikitin 1881). Ãîëîòèï: Íèêèòèí, 1881, òàáë. 3, ôèã. 27. Áîëîáàíîâî. Ñðåäíèé êåëëîâåé. Ôèã. 7-9. Cadoceras (Bryocadoceras) bryocostilatum Kiselev 1999. Ãîëîòèï: Êèñåëåâ, 1999, òàáë. 1, ôèã. 6-8. Ïåðåáîðû. Ñðåäíèé êåëëîâåé. Ôèã. 10-13. Cadoceras (Bryocadoceras) mologae (Nikitin 1881). Ôèã. 10-11. Ëåêòîòèï: Íèêèòèí, 1881, òàáë. 1, ôèã. 11; Ôèã. 12-13. Ïàðàëåêòîòèï: òàì æå, òàáë. 1, ôèã. 12. Ñåëèõîâî. Âåðõíèé êåëëîâåé. Ôèã. 14, 15. Cadoceras (Bryocadoceras) rybinskianum (Nikitin 1881). Ôèã. 10-11. Ãîëîòèï: Íèêèòèí, 1881, òàáë. 1, ôèã. 8. Ñåëèõîâî. Âåðõíèé êåëëîâåé. 34
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ÁÀÁÓÐÈÍÎ- ÃÎÐÎÄÎÊ Ba
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Ñòàòóñ: ÃÏÏ èñòîðèê
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Ðèñ. 26. Âåðõíÿÿ ÷àñò
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Ñòðàòèãðàôè÷åñêèå
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Ðèñ. 30. Ðàñïîëîæåíè
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2. Ïåñîê ìåëêîçåðíè
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èíâîëþòíîé ðàêîâèí
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ïåñêîâ äëÿ ñèëèêàò
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Ìàòåðèàë. 1 ýêç. (ãîë
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ïðèçíàêàì îòëîæåíè
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Ïåëàãè÷åñêàÿ ôàóíà
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Ôèã. 1. Þðñêèé (ñðåäí
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Ðèñ. 36. Òðåõìåðíîå ï
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Ñòðàòèãðàôè- ÷åñêè
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Ðèñ. 39. Òðåõìåðíîå ï
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1. Ñóãëèíîê ëåãêèé,
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Ëèõâèíñêèé ãîðèçîí
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ÇÀÕÀÐÜÈÍÑÊÈÉ ÂÀËÓÍ
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Ñîñòîÿíèå ïàìÿòíèê
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Êðàòêèé ñëîâàðü ñï
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Ãåðàñèìîâ Ï. À., Ìèò
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Ìóðàâèí Å. Ñ. 1989 - Âî
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CONTENTS Preface D. N. Kiselev 3 In
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ÃÅÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÏÀÌßÒÍÈÊÎÂ ÏÐÈÐÎÄÛ ßÐÎÑËÀÂÑÊÎÉ ÎÁËÀÑÒÈ

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