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Copyright c○ by Stochastikon GmbH (http://encyclopedia.stochastikon.com) 1<br />

<strong>Biography</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong>, <strong>Bishop</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>Los</strong> <strong>Angeles</strong> (Tlaxcala, Mexico) and <strong>of</strong> Osma (Spain),<br />

author on China<br />

Relevance for Missiology:<br />

<strong>Juan</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong> was not only important as a bishop for the reformation<br />

<strong>of</strong> his bishopric, but also as an intermediator between China and Europe<br />

and in the Chinese Rites Controversy.<br />

Dates <strong>of</strong> Birth and Death:<br />

(∗) 24 June 1600 in Fitero, Navarra, today Spain<br />

(†) 1 October 1659 in Osma, Spain<br />

Family Data:<br />

<strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong> was the illegitimate son <strong>of</strong> Jaime <strong>Palafox</strong>, Marquis<br />

<strong>of</strong> Aziza, who later legitimized him. The name <strong>of</strong> the mother is unknown,<br />

she remained hid<strong>de</strong>n.<br />

In 1629, <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> was ordained to priesthood.<br />

In 1639, <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong> was appointed bishop <strong>of</strong> Puebla <strong>de</strong> los<br />

<strong>Angeles</strong> (Tlaxcala in Mexico) and Visitador General <strong>of</strong> New-Spain (Mexico).<br />

His consecration was in the same year.<br />

Education:<br />

<strong>Palafox</strong> studied at the Collegio San Gaudioso, Tarazona, later at the Universities<br />

Huesca, Alcalá and at the University Salamanca. In 1620, he graduated<br />

as a Bakkalaureus in Canon Law.<br />

His father appointed him as steward <strong>of</strong> the family estates, but died in 1625.<br />

Afterwards, <strong>Palafox</strong> worked at several Prince Courts in Spain. Then he<br />

changed and became a clerk.<br />

Pr<strong>of</strong>essional Career:<br />

In 1633, <strong>Palafox</strong> became counsellor in the Consejo <strong>de</strong> Indias (Indian Council).<br />

After several <strong>of</strong>fices, in the course <strong>of</strong> which he travelled through Europe. In<br />

1639, he became <strong>Bishop</strong> <strong>of</strong> New Spain, which was combined with the <strong>of</strong>fice<br />

<strong>of</strong> the Arch <strong>Bishop</strong> <strong>of</strong> Mexico, which he refused.


Copyright c○ by Stochastikon GmbH (http://encyclopedia.stochastikon.com) 2<br />

Shortly after his arrival in Mexico, controversies between <strong>Palafox</strong> and the<br />

Mendicants there started about the exemptions and privileges <strong>of</strong> the or<strong>de</strong>rs<br />

against the rights <strong>of</strong> the bishopric. In 1642, <strong>Palafox</strong> became Governor <strong>of</strong><br />

Mexico and should become at the same time archbishop <strong>of</strong> Mexico, which he<br />

refused. The quarrel about jurisdiction, exemption and privileges finally had<br />

its climax in 1647, when the Jesuits interfered. Only in 1649, the Spanish<br />

King succee<strong>de</strong>d to solve the conflict.<br />

<strong>Palafox</strong> took his task as a bishop very seriously, he tried to enforce the<br />

<strong>de</strong>crees <strong>of</strong> the Council <strong>of</strong> Trent and favored the theological education <strong>of</strong><br />

future priests. He built new churches, and not only foun<strong>de</strong>d a seminary, but<br />

also a school for girls and an aca<strong>de</strong>my. He reorganized the seminary San <strong>Juan</strong><br />

Evangelista. San Pedro was acknowledged as an ecclesiastical University by<br />

pope Innocent X. But <strong>Palafox</strong> also was very interested in China, because as<br />

the Vice-King <strong>of</strong> New Spain, he was responsible for relations and letters from<br />

and to China. Fearing a schism and the <strong>de</strong>valuation <strong>of</strong> the Christian faith<br />

in China, he intervened in favor <strong>of</strong> the Spanish Mendicants (Dominicans,<br />

Franciscans) against the Jesuits in the Chinese Rites Controversy. One <strong>of</strong><br />

his informants was the Dominican <strong>Juan</strong> Bautista Morales (1597-1664), who<br />

obtained the prohibition <strong>of</strong> the Rites for Confucius and the ancestors in Rome<br />

in 1645, which were in his opinion superstitious. <strong>Palafox</strong> admired China and<br />

consi<strong>de</strong>red it as a mo<strong>de</strong>l for Europe. With the material, which he received<br />

from China, <strong>Palafox</strong> compiled one <strong>of</strong> the earliest books on the history <strong>of</strong><br />

China, the Historia <strong>de</strong> la conquista <strong>de</strong> la China por el Tartaro.<br />

In 1650, <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong> returned to Spain as the Minister <strong>of</strong> the Council<br />

<strong>of</strong> Aragon. In Spain, he became bishop <strong>of</strong> Osma in 1653. <strong>Palafox</strong> died with<br />

the fame to be a saint, the process for his canonization was started in 1726,<br />

but never finished. - <strong>Palafox</strong> wrote several books about canonical, religious,<br />

moral, political, historical and literal subjects, which were published in 13<br />

volumed posthumously.<br />

Publications <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong>:<br />

• Obras, 8 vols. (1659-71), and in 13 vols. (Madrid 1762) (the 13. volume<br />

contains the biography).<br />

• Vida interior <strong>de</strong>l ilustrissimo, excelentissimo, y venerable Señor D.<br />

<strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong>, <strong>de</strong>l consejo <strong>de</strong> su Magestad... (Sevilla<br />

1691), Italian: Vita interiore <strong>de</strong>l V. Servo di Dio Monsig. D. Giovanni<br />

di <strong>Palafox</strong>... (s.l. [Rome] 1772).


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• Discvrsos Espiritvales <strong>de</strong>l Illustrissimo Senor Don Ivan P. y M., Obispo<br />

<strong>de</strong> la Puebla <strong>de</strong> los <strong>Angeles</strong>, <strong>de</strong>l Consejo <strong>de</strong> su Magastad. y su Visitador<br />

en la Nueua Espana... (Madrid 1641, 1642), French: Oeuvres<br />

spirituelles: traduit d’espagnol en françois (Paris 1693; Paris 1713;<br />

Paris 1733), German: Des berühmten Cardinals und Bisch<strong>of</strong>fs zu Osma<br />

in Spanien, Don <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong>, geistreiche Schrifften, wegen ihrer<br />

ungemeinen Voertrefflichkeit aus <strong>de</strong>r Spanischen in die Französische<br />

aus dieser aber in die Teutsche Sprache übersetzet (Frankfurt 1629;<br />

Frankfurt 1709, 1710; Frankfurt 1755).<br />

• Cartas originales <strong>de</strong>l D. <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong> al P. Andrés <strong>de</strong><br />

Rada y <strong>de</strong> este a su excelencia ilustrísima (Madrid 1768; Madrid 1789).<br />

• Carta, que el illustrissimo ... Senor Don <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong>...,<br />

Virrey <strong>de</strong> la Nueva España ... escrivio ul padre Oratio Carocchi, Prepositp<br />

<strong>de</strong> la Casa Per<strong>of</strong>essa <strong>de</strong> la Sagrada Compañia <strong>de</strong> Jesus..., 23. Mai 1647<br />

(Cadiz 1647).<br />

• “Carta Primera que escribió D. <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong> al Papa<br />

Jnnocencio X., 25. Mai 1647”, excerpt in: Histoire <strong>de</strong> Dom Jean <strong>de</strong><br />

P., Evêque d’Angelopolis & <strong>de</strong>puis d’Osme. Et <strong>de</strong>s differens qu’il a eus<br />

avec les PP. Jésuites, première partie, sowie quatrième partie (1690)<br />

pp. 391-430, italienisch: Novelle Interessanti, vol. III (1761) pp. 120-<br />

135.<br />

• Cartas escritas por el venerable siervo <strong>de</strong> Dios, don <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y<br />

<strong>Mendoza</strong>: manuscritos inéditos <strong>de</strong> 1643-1649 (Puebla 1998).<br />

• Historia Real Sagrada, Lvz <strong>de</strong> principes y svbditos... (Ciudad <strong>de</strong> los<br />

<strong>Angeles</strong> 1643; Bruselas 1655).<br />

• Al Rey Nuestro Señor por al Provincia <strong>de</strong> la Compañia <strong>de</strong> jesus <strong>de</strong> la<br />

Nueva España en satisfaccion <strong>de</strong> un libro <strong>de</strong> el visitador obispo D. <strong>Juan</strong><br />

<strong>Palafox</strong> y mendoza (Puebla <strong>de</strong> <strong>Los</strong> <strong>Angeles</strong> s.l. 1645).<br />

• Together with others: Al Excelentissimo Senor Don Garcia <strong>de</strong> Avellan<strong>de</strong>da<br />

i Haro, Con<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Castrillo, Señor <strong>de</strong> kas villas <strong>de</strong> Valver<strong>de</strong>,<br />

alcvbilla <strong>de</strong> la Pinilla... el <strong>de</strong>an i cabildo <strong>de</strong> la Santa Iglesia <strong>de</strong> la Puebla<br />

<strong>de</strong> los <strong>Angeles</strong> (1647).<br />

• El pastor <strong>de</strong> noche buena: practica breve <strong>de</strong> las virtu<strong>de</strong>s, conocimiento<br />

facil <strong>de</strong> los vicios (Valencia 1646; Bruselas 1662; Madrid 1959; Pamplona<br />

2001), Italian: Il Pastore <strong>de</strong>lla notte buona: Opera <strong>de</strong>l servo di


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Dio (Roma 1712), Flemish: De her<strong>de</strong>r van <strong>de</strong>n goe<strong>de</strong>n nacht (Amsterdam<br />

1684; Antwerp 1930).<br />

• Año espirituel: divido en meses y semanas, 4 vols. (Zarazoga 1656;<br />

Bruxelles 1662), French: L’année spirituelle, et le manuel <strong>de</strong>s estats<br />

(Paris 1663), English: The spiritual year, or, Devout contemplations:<br />

digested into distinct arguments for every month in that year and for<br />

every week in that month (London 1693; online Ann Arbor 1999).<br />

• “Carta que escribió D. <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong> al Rey <strong>de</strong> Portugal,<br />

in: Novelle interessanti, vol. III (1761) pp. 169-179.<br />

• “Ordonance <strong>de</strong> M. <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> en faveur <strong>de</strong>s Jesuites, 8. Dezember<br />

1648”, in: (Michel Le Tellier,) Défense <strong>de</strong>s nouveaux Chrestiens et <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Missionnaires <strong>de</strong> la Chine, du Japon et <strong>de</strong>s In<strong>de</strong>s..., Secon<strong>de</strong> Partie<br />

(Paris 1690) pp. 428f.<br />

• Illvstrissimi D.D. Joannis <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> & <strong>Mendoza</strong> Hispani, & in America<br />

Episcopi Angelorum populi, ac Consilij Indiarum <strong>de</strong>cani Epistola.<br />

Ad Svmmvm Pontificem Innocentium X., 8. Januar 1649, French:<br />

Lettre <strong>de</strong> l’Illustrissimé Jean <strong>de</strong> P.<strong>de</strong> M., Evesque d’Angelopolis dans<br />

l’Amérique, & Doyen du Conseil <strong>de</strong>s In<strong>de</strong>s, av Pape Innocent X., du<br />

8. Janv. 1649 (s.l. 1649? 1659), and in: Morale pratique <strong>de</strong>s Jesuites,<br />

troisième Volume (Paris 1690) pp. 711-742.<br />

• Vida <strong>de</strong> San. <strong>Juan</strong> el Limosnero, Patriarca, y obispo <strong>de</strong> Alexandria<br />

(Madrid 1650).<br />

• Epistola tertia Illustrissimi, Excellentissimi, et Venerabilis Servi Dei<br />

D.D. Joannis <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong>, et <strong>Mendoza</strong> .... (1649).<br />

• Pvntos, que el senor Obiscpo <strong>de</strong> la Pvebla <strong>de</strong> <strong>Los</strong> <strong>Angeles</strong>, Don <strong>Juan</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong>, y <strong>Mendoza</strong>, <strong>de</strong>xa encargados, y comendados a las Almas<br />

<strong>de</strong> sv cargo, al tiempo <strong>de</strong> partirse <strong>de</strong>stas Provincias, a los Reynos <strong>de</strong><br />

España... (1649).<br />

• “Carta <strong>de</strong>l senor Obispo <strong>de</strong> la Puebla D. <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y Mendoça al<br />

Padre Provincial Andrés <strong>de</strong> Rada, en que le envía el Breve <strong>de</strong> Su Santidad,<br />

pasado por el Consejo, para que se absolviesen los excomulgados<br />

<strong>de</strong> su religión, 7. April 1649”, in: Documentos inéditos ó muy raros<br />

para la Historia <strong>de</strong> México, vol. VII (1906) pp. 101-104.<br />

• Together with <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> Palma: Der verachtete Welt-Pracht, o<strong>de</strong>r, Tugendreiches<br />

Lenem <strong>de</strong>r durchleuchtigisten oesterreichischen Infantin Sch.


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Margaretha vom Creutz, Baarfüsserinn <strong>de</strong>s Or<strong>de</strong>ns <strong>de</strong>r heil. Clara in<br />

<strong>de</strong>m kön. Stifft vnd Kloster zu Madritt (Augspurg 1687).<br />

• Carta <strong>de</strong>l V. siervo <strong>de</strong> dios <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong> al sumo Pontifice<br />

Innocencio X. (Madrid 1766).<br />

• “Carta ... al Padre Provincial Andrés <strong>de</strong> Rada, 4. Mai 1649”, in: Documentos<br />

inéditos ó muy raros... (1906) pp. 113-149, French: “Lettre <strong>de</strong><br />

M. <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong>, Evêque d’Angelopolis au P. André <strong>de</strong> Rada, provincial<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Jésuites”, in: La Morale pratique <strong>de</strong>s Jesuites, second volume..., V.<br />

Partie, (Paris 1683).<br />

• Cartas <strong>de</strong>l venerable siervo <strong>de</strong> dios D. <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong> ... a<br />

el Rmo. Padre Andres <strong>de</strong> Rada, Provincial que sur <strong>de</strong> a Compañia <strong>de</strong>l<br />

nombre <strong>de</strong> Jesus, en la Provincia <strong>de</strong> Mexico ... con la verdad <strong>de</strong>snuda...<br />

(Sevilla 1645; Madrid 1768).<br />

• Al Excelentissimo Señor Don Garcia <strong>de</strong> Avellaneda I.... [s.l., ca. 1650].<br />

• Satisfacion al memorial <strong>de</strong> los religiosos <strong>de</strong> la compannia <strong>de</strong>l nombre<br />

<strong>de</strong> Jesus <strong>de</strong> la Nueva-España... (Madrid 1652).<br />

• Breve tratado <strong>de</strong> ortographia [s.l. 1654].<br />

• Carta pastoral y conocimientos <strong>de</strong> la divina gracia, bondad y misericordia,<br />

y <strong>de</strong> nuestra flaqueza y miseria (Bruseles 1659).<br />

• Virtu<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>l Indio (1650, 1661; Madrid 1893; México 1950), French:<br />

“L’Indien, ov portrait av natvrel <strong>de</strong>s Indiens, presenté au Roy d’Espagne,<br />

...”, in: Relations <strong>de</strong> divers Voyages Curieux, vol. IV (1672) 14pp.,<br />

Neuausgabe: Nancy H. Fee (ed.), Virtues <strong>of</strong> the Indian = Virtu<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>l<br />

Indio (Lanham 2009).<br />

• Historia real sagrada, luz <strong>de</strong> principes y subditos: injusticias que intervinieron<br />

en la muerte <strong>de</strong> Christo bien nuestro (Madrid 1668).<br />

• Epistola gravissima & sanctissima, Illustrissimi viri DD. Johannis <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>Palafox</strong>, et Mendosa, Hispani, & in America, Episcopi Angelorum populi,<br />

& consilii Indiarum Decani... (Leodii 1669).<br />

• Nuove lettere: scritte a’superiori <strong>de</strong>lla compagnia <strong>de</strong>l Messico, tradotte<br />

dal linguaggio Spagnuolo nell’Italiano (Venezia 1760).<br />

• Sitio e socorro <strong>de</strong> Fuenterrabia y sucesos <strong>de</strong>l año <strong>de</strong> 1638... (1667;<br />

Madrid 1793).


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• Historia <strong>de</strong> la conqvista <strong>de</strong> la China por el Tartaro... (Paris 1670; Amsterdam<br />

1726), English: History <strong>of</strong> the Conquest <strong>of</strong> China by the Tartars:<br />

together with the account <strong>of</strong> several remarkable things, concerning<br />

the religion, manners, and customs <strong>of</strong> both nations, but especially the<br />

latter (London 1671; London 1676; New Delhi 1978; online Ann Arbor<br />

1999), Frech: Histoire <strong>de</strong> la conqueste <strong>de</strong> la Chine par les Tartares, contenant<br />

plusieurs choses remarquables, touchant la religion, les moeurs,,<br />

& les co–tumes <strong>de</strong> ces <strong>de</strong>ux nations, & principalement <strong>de</strong> la <strong>de</strong>rnière...<br />

(1670, Amsterdam 1723).<br />

• Peregrinación <strong>de</strong> Philothea al santo templo y monte <strong>de</strong> la cruz (Lisboa<br />

1660), English: Philothea, or a pilgrimage to the holy Chappel <strong>of</strong> the<br />

Cross, writtenj originally in Spanish... (London 1703; online Farmington<br />

Hills).<br />

• Epistola pastoralis cognitionesque s. lumina divinae gratiae bonitatis<br />

et misericordis nec non informitatis er miseriae nostrae... (Grenoble<br />

1777).<br />

• Meine Gedanken über <strong>Palafox</strong> Briefe (1773; Nürnberg 1778).<br />

• Carta pastoral 1649 (Méxio 1728).<br />

• Alegaecion fabre el <strong>de</strong>critoy possession <strong>de</strong> les Diezmosi <strong>de</strong> la Iglesiae<br />

(México 1748).<br />

• Defensa canonica <strong>de</strong>dicada al Rey Nuestro Señor por la Dignidad Episcopal<br />

<strong>de</strong> la Pvebla <strong>de</strong> los <strong>Angeles</strong>, y por la Ivrisdicción ordinaria, pvestos,<br />

y honores <strong>de</strong> sv prelado, en el pleyto qve movieron los Padres <strong>de</strong> la Compania<br />

<strong>de</strong> aqvellas Provincias. Sobre No auer querido pedir las licencias<br />

que <strong>de</strong>ben tener, y que se <strong>of</strong>reció, para predicar, y confessar en en aquel<br />

para guardarselos (1652) (2 Ausgaben).<br />

• Exercicios <strong>de</strong>votos en que sa pi<strong>de</strong> à la Virgen SS. su amparo para la<br />

hora <strong>de</strong> la muerte (Madrid 1758).<br />

• Manuel <strong>de</strong> estados y pr<strong>of</strong>esiones (Madrid 1659-1671, 1762, 1986).<br />

• Delle cose <strong>de</strong>l Portogallo... (1760).<br />

• Difesa canonica per la dignita episcopale di Angelopoli, e per la giurisdizione<br />

ordinaria, posti, ed onore <strong>de</strong>l suo prelato, nella lite mossa da’<br />

Padri <strong>de</strong>lla Compagnia di Gesù di quelle provincie (Venezia 1764).


Copyright c○ by Stochastikon GmbH (http://encyclopedia.stochastikon.com) 7<br />

• Janseniani eroris calumnia a venerabili Episcopo Joanne <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong><br />

sublata (Madrid 1773).<br />

• Dell’eccellenze di S. Pietro, principe <strong>de</strong>glio apostoi Vicario universale<br />

di Gesu Christo, 3 vols. (Rom 1788).<br />

• Briefe an Pabst Innocenz X.: seine Streitigkeiten mit <strong>de</strong>n Jesuiten betreffend<br />

(Frankfurt und Leipzig 1772; Frankfurt 1773; 1778; s.l. 1792),<br />

auch als Mikr<strong>of</strong>ilm-Ausgabe (New Haven 1973).<br />

• Constituciones <strong>de</strong> la Real y Pontificia Universidad <strong>de</strong> México (México<br />

1775).<br />

• The new Odyssey by the Spanish Homer: being the travels <strong>of</strong> the Christian<br />

hero, Ulysses Desi<strong>de</strong>rius Pius, throughout the universe, to the<br />

palace <strong>of</strong> that sovereign princess styled the science <strong>of</strong> salvation... (Dublin<br />

1745, 1784?; online Farmington Hills).<br />

• Manual para la precisa, pronta y facil administración <strong>de</strong> los santos<br />

sacramentos, arreglada al ritual <strong>de</strong> nuestro santisimo padre Paulo V.<br />

Formado por or<strong>de</strong>n <strong>de</strong>l exmo. illmo. y venerable siervo <strong>de</strong> dios el<br />

Senñor Don <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong> (Puebla 1847).<br />

• Monarchie und Politik: drei Staatsschriften (Wien 1853).<br />

• Novisimo manual diocesano... (Puebla 1894).<br />

• Don <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong>, su virreinato en la Nueva España, sus<br />

contiendas con los PP. Jesuítas, sus partidarios en Puebla, sus apariciones,<br />

sus escritos escogidos (México 1906).<br />

• Francisco Sánchez-Castañer (ed.), Tratados mejicanos..., 2 vols. (Madrid<br />

1968).<br />

• Francisco Sánchez-Castañer (ed.), Memoriales civiles y epistolas-tratados<br />

(Madrid 1968).<br />

• Francisco Sánchez-Castañer (ed.), Memoriales espirituales y epistolas<br />

solmenes (Madrid 1968).<br />

• I<strong>de</strong>as politicas (México 1946, 1994).<br />

• Diario <strong>de</strong>l viaje a Alemania (Madrid 1935; Pamplona 2000).<br />

• La Inquisición <strong>de</strong> México. Autos <strong>de</strong> fe. Tumultos y rebeliones en<br />

México. El clero durante la dominación española (México 1974).


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• Together with Teófilo Portillo Capilla: El <strong>de</strong>sierto y la celda en la vida<br />

y muerte <strong>de</strong>l Obispo <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong> (1989).<br />

• Antonio Tamariz <strong>de</strong> Carmona (ed.), Relación y <strong>de</strong>scripción <strong>de</strong>l templo<br />

real <strong>de</strong> la civdad <strong>de</strong> la Puebla <strong>de</strong> los <strong>Angeles</strong> en la Nueua España, y su<br />

catedral (Puebla 1991).<br />

• Bernardo García Martínez (ed.), Relación <strong>de</strong> la visita ecleseástica <strong>de</strong><br />

parte <strong>de</strong>l obispado <strong>de</strong> la Puebla <strong>de</strong> los <strong>Angeles</strong> (1643-1646) (Puebla,<br />

México 1997).<br />

• José Pascual Buxó (ed.), “Habla a los cielos y a los hombres mira”: los<br />

sonetos al Calvario <strong>de</strong> <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong> (Puebla 2000).<br />

• Discurso en favor <strong>de</strong> ciero religioso <strong>de</strong> vida ejemplar, a quien castigó<br />

...; epistola exhortatoria a los curas y beneficiados <strong>de</strong> la Puebla <strong>de</strong> <strong>Los</strong><br />

<strong>Angeles</strong> (Puebla 2003).<br />

<strong>Juan</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong> Bibliography:<br />

• http://www.cebilbilitanos.com/autores/palafoxy.htm (05.07.2009) (about<br />

the controversies <strong>of</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong> with the or<strong>de</strong>rs in his bishopric with<br />

old bibliography).<br />

• Robert Streit, Bibliotheca Missionum, vol. II (Freiburg 1929) pp. 472,<br />

896, 913.<br />

• Robert Streit, Bibliotheca Missionum, vol. V (Freiburg 1929) pp. 843f.<br />

• J.H. Zedler (ed.), Großes vollständiges Universal-Lexicon aller Wissenschaften<br />

und Künste..., vol. XXVI, p. 274.<br />

• Antoine Arnauld, Histoire <strong>de</strong> dom Jean <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong>, evêque d’Angelopolis,<br />

et <strong>de</strong>puis d’Osme, et <strong>de</strong>s differences qu’il a eu avec les PP. Jesuites (Madrid<br />

1690; Paris 1770).<br />

• Guillermo Bartoli, Histori a <strong>de</strong> la vida <strong>de</strong>l venerable señor don <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong> (Firenze 1773).<br />

• Antonio González <strong>de</strong> Rosen<strong>de</strong>, Vida i virtv<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>l Ill.mo i Exc.mo señor<br />

D. Ivan <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> i <strong>Mendoza</strong> <strong>de</strong> los Consejos <strong>de</strong> Sv Magestad en el Real<br />

<strong>de</strong> las Indias, i Supremo <strong>de</strong> Aragon. Obispo <strong>de</strong> la Pvebla <strong>de</strong> los <strong>Angeles</strong>, i<br />

Arzobispo electo <strong>de</strong> Mexico. Virrey que fue Lurgar-Teniente <strong>de</strong>l rey nvestro<br />

senor, su Governador, i Capitan General <strong>de</strong> la Nueva-Espana, Presi<strong>de</strong>nte <strong>de</strong><br />

la Audiencia, i Cancilleria que en ella resi<strong>de</strong>, Visitador General <strong>de</strong> sus Tribunales,<br />

i Iuez <strong>de</strong> Resi<strong>de</strong>ncia <strong>de</strong> tres Virreyes. I ultimate Obospo <strong>de</strong> la Santa


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Iglesia <strong>de</strong> Osma. ... (Madrid 1666, Madrid 1671, 3. edition as vol. XIII <strong>de</strong>r<br />

Obras <strong>de</strong> <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong>, 1762), French: Vie du vénérable Dom<br />

<strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong>, evêque d’Angélopolis & ensuite evêque d’Osme (Köln 1767),<br />

Italian: Istoria <strong>de</strong>lla vita <strong>de</strong>l venerabile monsignore don Giovanni di <strong>Palafox</strong><br />

e Mendoxa vesciovo d’Angelopoli e poi d’Osma (Firenze 1773), German: Don<br />

Johann von <strong>Palafox</strong> Biscvh<strong>of</strong> anfänglich zu Engelstadt in Mexiko, hernach zu<br />

Osma in Spanien (Salem, i.e. Köln 1774).<br />

• Decretum Oxomenense beatificationis et canonizationis Joannis <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong><br />

(Rom 1760).<br />

• Decretum Oxomenense beatificationis et canonizationis Johannis <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong><br />

(Rom 1767).<br />

• Sacra Rituum Congregatione coram Clemente XIV. Oxomen: beatificationis<br />

et canonicationis Johannis <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> et <strong>Mendoza</strong>... (Rom 1771).<br />

• Sacra Rituum Congregationis Nigrono Oxomen: beatificationis et canonicationis<br />

Johannis <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong>, positio super dubio (Romae 1775).<br />

• Cayetana Alvarez <strong>de</strong> Toledo, Politics and reform in Spain and Viceregal<br />

Mexico: the life and thought <strong>of</strong> <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong>, 1600-1659 (Oxford 2004).<br />

• François Annat, Favssetez et impostvres d’vn cahier qvi a povr titre, Lettre<br />

<strong>de</strong> L’Illvtrissime Iean <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Mendoza</strong>, Euesque d’Angelopoli, av pape<br />

Innocent Xe (Paris 1659) http://www.archive.org/stream/catalogue<strong>de</strong>sliv05<strong>de</strong>lagoog/catalogue<strong>de</strong><br />

(05.07.2009)).<br />

• Peter A. Armacanus, Don Johann von <strong>Palafox</strong>, Bisch<strong>of</strong> anfänglich zu Engelstadt<br />

in Mexico, hernach zu Osma in Spanien (Salem 1774).<br />

• Cristina <strong>de</strong> la Cruz <strong>de</strong> Arteaga Falguera, El Obispo <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong><br />

(Madrid 1960).<br />

• Cristina <strong>de</strong> la Cruz <strong>de</strong> Arteaga y Falguera, Una mitra sobre dos mundos:<br />

la <strong>de</strong> don <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> palafox y <strong>Mendoza</strong>, Obispo <strong>de</strong> Puebla <strong>de</strong> los <strong>Angeles</strong> y <strong>de</strong><br />

Osma (Puebla 1992).<br />

• Francisco <strong>de</strong> Ayeta, Memorial presentando el crisol <strong>de</strong> la verdad sobre las<br />

doctrinas <strong>de</strong> la Puebla (Madrid 1693) (s.a. http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/FichaObra.html?Ref<br />

(05.07.2009)).<br />

• Francisco <strong>de</strong> Ayeta, Memorial <strong>de</strong> fray Francisco <strong>de</strong> Ayeta S.M. sobre la<br />

materia <strong>de</strong> doctrinas (s.l. [1693]).<br />

• Francisco <strong>de</strong> Ayeta, Memorial <strong>de</strong> fray Francisco <strong>de</strong> Ayeta S.M. sobre las<br />

doctrinas (s.l. [1694]).<br />

• Francisco <strong>de</strong> Ayeta, Memorial al Consejo <strong>de</strong> Indoas sobre las doctrinas <strong>de</strong><br />

la Puebla (s.l. [Madrid] s.a. [ca. 1605]).<br />

• Gregorio Bartolomé Martínez, Jaque mate al obispo virrey: siglo y medio<br />

<strong>de</strong> sátiras y libelos contra Don <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong> (México 1991).


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• José Eduardo Castro Ramírez, <strong>Palafox</strong>, su pontificado en Puebla, 1640-<br />

1649 (Puebla Méx. 2000).<br />

• Pierre Champion, Vie du Vénérable Dom Jean <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> (Köln 1772).<br />

• Salvador Cruz, “Don <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong>: en el cielo, aviones, en<br />

el suelo, indios”, Cua<strong>de</strong>rnios 95 (1965) pp. 77-80.<br />

• J.S. Cummins, “<strong>Palafox</strong>, China and the Chinese Rites Controversy”, in:<br />

J.S. Cummins, Jesuit and Friar in the Spanish Expansion to the East (1986)<br />

Art. III, pp. 395-427.<br />

• Discursos espirituales <strong>de</strong>l Illustrissimo Señor Don Ivan <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong><br />

...., recogidos por el R.P. Ivan Antonio Velazquez, Provincial <strong>de</strong> la Compania<br />

<strong>de</strong> Iesus... (Madrid 1641).<br />

• José Gabriel Esericueta, Un camino purificativo negación sanjuanina y <strong>de</strong>sengaño<br />

en El pastor <strong>de</strong> nochebuena <strong>de</strong> <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong>(Oxford,<br />

Ohio 2003)<br />

• Ricardo Fernán<strong>de</strong>z Gracia, El virrey <strong>Palafox</strong> (Madrid 2000).<br />

• Ricadro Fernán<strong>de</strong>z Gracia, Il venerabile Giovanni <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> (Roma 2001).<br />

• Ricardo Fernán<strong>de</strong>z Gracia, <strong>Palafox</strong>: iglesia, cultura y estado en siglo XVII.<br />

Congreso internacional (Pamplona 2001).<br />

• Ricardo Fernán<strong>de</strong>z Gracia, Iconografía <strong>de</strong> <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong>: imágenes par<br />

un hombre <strong>de</strong> Estado y <strong>de</strong> Iglesia (Pamplona 2002).<br />

• Montserrat Galí Boa<strong>de</strong>lla, La pluma y el báculo: <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y el<br />

mundo hispano <strong>de</strong>l seiscientos (Puebla 2004).<br />

• Genaro Garcia, Don <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong>, obispo <strong>de</strong> Puebla y Osma,<br />

visitador y virrey <strong>de</strong> la Nueva España (México 1918).<br />

• Genaro Garcia, Don <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong>, su virreinato en la Nueva<br />

España, sus contiendas con los PP. Jesuitas, sus partidarios en Puebla, sus<br />

apariciones, sus escrito escogidos... (México 1906).<br />

• Ricardo Fernán<strong>de</strong>z Gracia (ed.), <strong>Palafox</strong> iglesia, cultura y estado en el siglo<br />

XVII: congreso internacional, IV centenario <strong>de</strong>l nacimiento <strong>de</strong> Don <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong> (Pamplona 2001).<br />

• Antonio González <strong>de</strong> Rosen<strong>de</strong>, Vida i virtu<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>l ... señor D. <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>Palafox</strong> i <strong>Mendoza</strong> (Madrid 1666, 1671).<br />

• Antonio González <strong>de</strong> Rosen<strong>de</strong>, Vida <strong>de</strong> Don <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> i <strong>Mendoza</strong><br />

(Madrid 1671).<br />

• Histoire <strong>de</strong> Dom Jean <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong>, Evêque d’Angelopolis & <strong>de</strong>puis d’Osme.<br />

Et <strong>de</strong> differens qu’il a eus avec les PP. Jésuites (s.l. 1690).<br />

• Papst Innozenz, Processvs et finis cavsae Angelopolitanae cvm Brevi Smi<br />

D.N. Innocentii X. petito ab Illustriss. & Reuerendiss. D.D. Joanne <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>Palafox</strong>, Episcopo Angelopolitano. Et per duplicatum repetito a RR. PP. Societatis<br />

Iesv Angelopolitanae Diocesis. Confirmante nonnullas <strong>de</strong>clarationes<br />

à S. Congregatione speciale <strong>de</strong>putata a Sanctiss. D.N. emanatas, petitas ab


Copyright c○ by Stochastikon GmbH (http://encyclopedia.stochastikon.com) 11<br />

vtrauqe Parte. Necnon cum Monitorijs super obseruatione dicti Breuis. Et<br />

insuper cum facti concordato ex commissione S. Congregatione et epistolas<br />

ab ea<strong>de</strong>m S. Congregatione port Factum concordatum dicto D. Episcopo ad<br />

fauorem PP. scripta (Romae 1653).<br />

• Florencio Jardiel, El venerable <strong>Palafox</strong> (Madrid 1892).<br />

• Ramón Kuri Camacho, La Compañia <strong>de</strong> Jésus: imágenes e i<strong>de</strong>as, la axiolgoía<br />

jesuita, <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong> y otros estudios novohispanos<br />

(México 1996).<br />

• Verónica León Ham, Estudio critico comparativo <strong>de</strong> la Varias poesías espirituales<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong> (México 2006).<br />

• [Michel Le Tellier], Défense <strong>de</strong>s nouveaux Chrestiens et <strong>de</strong>s Missionnaires<br />

<strong>de</strong> la Chine, du Japon et <strong>de</strong>s In<strong>de</strong>s, vol. II (Paris 1690) pp. 409-429.<br />

• Santiago Portero Luyando, “El Venerable <strong>Palafox</strong> (+ 1659).... ”, Ediciones<br />

Universidad <strong>de</strong> Navarra (S.A 1988) pp. 677-684.<br />

• Tommaso Maria Mammachi, Epistolae <strong>de</strong> Ven. Johannis <strong>Palafox</strong>ii Angelopolitani<br />

primum, tum Oxoniensis Episcopi orthodoxia, 3 vols. (Romae<br />

1772-).<br />

• Melquia<strong>de</strong>s Andrés Martín, “<strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong> (1600-1659),<br />

místico y político <strong>de</strong>l barroco”, Revista Espanola <strong>de</strong> Teología 47 (1987) pp.<br />

255-280.<br />

• Gregorio Bartolomé Martinéz, “Controversia y s tiricos sobre la ’Vida interio’<br />

<strong>de</strong> don <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong>”, Hispania Sacra XXXVII (1985)<br />

n. 75, pp. 59-94.<br />

• Manuel María Martínez, “Al margen <strong>de</strong> un centenario: <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y<br />

<strong>Mendoza</strong>”, La Ciencia tomista 89 (1962) pp. 445-461.<br />

• Luis <strong>de</strong> la Palma y Freites, Por las religiones <strong>de</strong> Santo Domingo, San Francisco,<br />

y San Agustin <strong>de</strong> las Prouincias <strong>de</strong> la Nueua-Espana. En <strong>de</strong>fensa <strong>de</strong><br />

las Doctrinas, <strong>de</strong> que fueron remouidos <strong>de</strong> hecho sus Religiosos Doctrineros...<br />

(1644).<br />

• Perla Chinchilla Pawling, <strong>Palafox</strong> y América (México 1992).<br />

• Pedro Ángel Palou, Breve noticia histórica <strong>de</strong> la Biblioteca <strong>Palafox</strong>iana y<br />

<strong>de</strong> su fundador <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong> y los colegios <strong>de</strong> S. <strong>Juan</strong>, S. pedro<br />

y S. Pantaleón (Puebla, México 2002).<br />

• Ambrosio Puebla Gonzalo, <strong>Palafox</strong> y la espiritualidad <strong>de</strong> su tiempo (Burgos<br />

1987).<br />

• “Repuesta <strong>de</strong>l Padre Provincial Andrés <strong>de</strong> Rada (S.J.) al Senor Obispo <strong>de</strong><br />

la Puebla D. <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong>, 14. April 1649”, in: Documentos inéditos ó<br />

muy raros para la Historia <strong>de</strong> México, vol. 8 VIII (México 1906) pp. 104-113.<br />

• <strong>Juan</strong> Pablo Salazar Andreu, <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong> (México 2003).<br />

• Francisco Sánchez-Castañer, Don <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong>, Virrey <strong>de</strong> Nueva España<br />

(Madrid 1988).


Copyright c○ by Stochastikon GmbH (http://encyclopedia.stochastikon.com) 12<br />

• Satisfacion al memorial <strong>de</strong> los Religiosos <strong>de</strong> la Compañia <strong>de</strong>l nombre <strong>de</strong><br />

Jesús <strong>de</strong> la Nveva-España. Por la dignidad Episcopal <strong>de</strong> la Puebla <strong>de</strong> los <strong>Angeles</strong>.<br />

Sobre la execvcion, y obediencia <strong>de</strong>l Breue Apostolico <strong>de</strong> N. Santissimo<br />

Padre Innocencio X. ... (Puebla <strong>de</strong> los <strong>Angeles</strong> 1652).<br />

• Venancio Soladana, El venerable Don <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong>, Obispo<br />

<strong>de</strong> Osma (1654-1659) (Pamplona 1982).<br />

• Ernesto <strong>de</strong> la Torre Villar, Don <strong>Juan</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Palafox</strong> y <strong>Mendoza</strong>: pensador<br />

politico (México 1997).<br />

• Merkwürdiges Leben <strong>de</strong>s berühmten seligen Johannes von <strong>Palafox</strong>, weiland<br />

Bisch<strong>of</strong>s zu Angelopolis. Aus <strong>de</strong>n bewährten Schriften und Nachrichten, seine<br />

Heiligsprechung betreffend, gezogen... (Frankfurt 1781).<br />

• Hartmut Walravens, China illustrata. Das europäische Chinaverständnis<br />

im Spiegel <strong>de</strong>s 16. bis 18. Jahrhun<strong>de</strong>rts (Weinheim 1987).<br />

Author(s) <strong>of</strong> this contribution:<br />

Claudia von Collani<br />

Version: 1.00

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