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de la hetaera a la ramera - Stanford University

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<strong>de</strong>sp<strong>la</strong>zada por Atón o el dios sol Ra, bajo el reinado <strong>de</strong> Amenhotep IV o Akhenatón<br />

o Amenofis IV, quien impuso el monoteísmo hacia el siglo IV a.C. y a quien estudios<br />

recientes le adjudican una posible influencia sobre <strong>la</strong> figura histórica <strong>de</strong> Moisés y el<br />

monoteísmo hebreo. En Grecia, Zeus se confronta y <strong>de</strong>rrota, en no pocos casos, a <strong>la</strong>s<br />

<strong>de</strong>ida<strong>de</strong>s femeninas <strong>de</strong>l Olimpo. Como consecuencia, <strong>la</strong>s sacerdotisas <strong>de</strong> los antiguos<br />

cultos matriarcales fueron perdieron pau<strong>la</strong>tinamente su status quo en <strong>la</strong> sociedad<br />

ateniense:<br />

Se ha pensado que <strong>la</strong>s diosas <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> fertilidad fueron<br />

veneradas tanto en Creta así como por una auténtica pob<strong>la</strong>ción<br />

matriarcal en <strong>la</strong> Grecia continental <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> Era <strong>de</strong>l pre-Bronce.<br />

Los invasores hab<strong>la</strong>ntes <strong>de</strong>l griego trajeron con ellos el culto a<br />

Zeus, con su énfasis sobre el dominio masculino y <strong>la</strong> ley<br />

patriarcal. Los invasores, para consolidar sus conquistas,<br />

casaron a sus dioses con <strong>la</strong>s diosas nativas. Los numerosos<br />

en<strong>la</strong>ces sexuales <strong>de</strong> Zeus han sido interpretados como intentos<br />

<strong>de</strong> unir el culto <strong>de</strong>l dios invasor con los cultos <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s divinida<strong>de</strong>s<br />

the <strong>la</strong>st millennium, they took with them all elements of feminine symbolism within the divine<br />

pantheon. We have seen that Ishtar, Anat and Cybele went, together with the celebration of fertility —<br />

their domain— and feminine sexuality, to be rep<strong>la</strong>ced by exclusively masculine <strong>de</strong>ities. Here and there<br />

the old god<strong>de</strong>sses did survive, long enough for Paul and even, in the fourth century, St. Augustine to<br />

<strong>de</strong>plore their cults. Among the Israelites, however, the god<strong>de</strong>sses who had impregnated the <strong>la</strong>nd of<br />

Canaan vanished completely, to be rep<strong>la</strong>ced by Yahweh with his male attributes of wrath and<br />

vengeance —although it should perhaps not be forgotten that the god<strong>de</strong>sses could be wrathful and<br />

vengeful themselves. While Yahweh may have had a spouse in the eighth and fifth centuries before<br />

Christ’s birth, he soon becomes sole creator, fons et origo. In Genesis, the creative principle is male, the<br />

Lord God our Father, who has succee<strong>de</strong>d the mother god<strong>de</strong>ss, originally the source of fecundity.”<br />

10

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