Corpus Bilingüe Tomo I Vol. 1 - Archivo Abierto Institucional de la ...
Corpus Bilingüe Tomo I Vol. 1 - Archivo Abierto Institucional de la ... Corpus Bilingüe Tomo I Vol. 1 - Archivo Abierto Institucional de la ...
LUIS GRAU incompatible with liberty; wherefore no ex post facto law ought to be made. 16. That no law, to attaint particular persons of treason or felony ought to be made in any case, or at any time hereafter. 17. That every freeman for any injury done to 8 him in his person or property, ought to have remedy by the course of the law of the land, and ought to have justice and right, freely without sale, fully without any denial, and speedily without delay, according to the law of the land. 18. That the trial of facts where they arise is one of the greatest securities of the lives, liberties, and estate 9 of the people. 19. That in all criminal prosecutions, every man hath a right to be informed of the accusation against him, to have a copy of the indictment or charge in due time (if required) to prepare for his defence, to be allowed counsel, to be confronted with the witnesses against him, to have process for his witnesses, to examine the witnesses for and against him on oath, and to a speedy trial by an impartial jury, without whose unanimous consent he ought not to be found guilty. 20. That no man ought to be compelled to give evidence against himself in a court of common law, 10 or in any other court, but in such cases as have been usually practiced in this state, or may hereafter be directed by the legislature. 21. That no freeman ought to be taken, or imprisoned, or disseised of his freehold, liberties, or privileges, or outlawed, or exiled, or in any manner destroyed, or deprived of his life, liberty, or property, but by the judgment of his peers, or by the law of the land. 22. That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel or unusual punishments inflicted by the courts of law. 23. That all warrants without oath or affirmation, to search suspected places, or to seize any person, or property, are grievous and oppressive; and all general warrants to search suspected places, or to apprehend suspected persons, without naming or describing the place, or the person in special, are illegal, and ought not to be granted. 24. That there ought to be no forfeiture of any part of the estate of any person for any crime, except murder, or treason against the state, and then only on conviction and attainder. 25. That a well regulated militia is the proper and natural defence of a free government. 26. That standing armies are dangerous to liberty, and ought not to be raised 8. Falta “to” en Jackson, Poore y Thorpe. 9. En Jackson, Poore y Thorpe “estates”. 10. En Poore y Thorpe “common court of law”. 180
CONSTITUCIÓN DE MARYLAND 1776 injustas e incompatibles con la libertad, por lo que no deberá aprobarse ninguna ley ex post facto. 11 16. Que en ningún caso, ni en el futuro, deberá aprobarse ninguna ley para culpar de traición o de crímenes a personas específicas. 17. Que mediante la aplicación de la ley en vigor, todo freeman deberá poder obtener satisfacción por cualquier daño que se le haya causado en su persona o propiedad; y deberá recibir justicia y derecho gratuitamente sin contrapartida, totalmente sin denegación, y rápidamente sin retardo, según la ley en vigor. 18. Que una de las mayores garantías de la vida, la libertad y el patrimonio de la gente es [celebrar] los juicios donde se produjeron los hechos. 19. Que en todos los juicios penales, todo hombre tiene derecho a ser informado de la acusación que se haga contra él; a recibir una copia de la acusación o de los cargos con tiempo suficiente (si se necesita) para preparar su defensa; a que se le permita [tener] un abogado; a confrontar a los testigos en su contra; a interrogar bajo juramento a sus testigos y a los del contrario; a un juicio rápido por un jurado imparcial, sin cuyo consentimiento unánime no podrá ser declarado culpable. 20. Que nadie deberá ser obligado a declarar contra sí mismo en un tribunal ordinario ni en ningún otro tribunal, sino en los casos en los que haya sido costumbre en este estado, o lo pueda decretar el Legislativo en el futuro. 21. Que ningún freeman será detenido, encarcelado, o desposeído de su propiedad, libertades o privilegios, o proscrito o exiliado, o manera alguna dado muerte o privado de su vida, libertad o propiedad, sino mediante el juicio de sus iguales o por la ley en vigor. 22. Que los tribunales de derecho no exigirán fianzas excesivas, ni impondrán multas excesivas, ni infligirán castigos crueles o inusuales. 23. Que todos los mandamientos para registrar lugares sospechosos, o para capturar a cualquier persona o propiedad, son dañinos y opresivos si no se hacen mediante un juramento o afirmación; y todos los mandamientos de carácter general para registrar lugares sospechosos, o para detener a personas sospechosas, sin nombrar o describir el lugar ni a la persona en particular, son ilegales y no deberán ser concedidos. 24. Que no se decomisará ninguna parte de la propiedad de una persona, por ningún delito excepto el de homicidio o traición contra el estado, y en dicho caso únicamente después de su condena y muerte civil. 25. Que una milicia bien regulada es la defensa propia y natural de un gobierno libre. 26. Que los ejércitos permanentes son peligrosos para la libertad y no deben 11. Ex post facto: después de [cometido] el hecho”. 181
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LUIS GRAU<br />
incompatible with liberty; wherefore no ex post facto <strong>la</strong>w ought to be ma<strong>de</strong>.<br />
16. That no <strong>la</strong>w, to attaint particu<strong>la</strong>r persons of treason or felony ought to be<br />
ma<strong>de</strong> in any case, or at any time hereafter. 17. That every freeman for any injury<br />
done to 8 him in his person or property, ought to have remedy by the course of<br />
the <strong>la</strong>w of the <strong>la</strong>nd, and ought to have justice and right, freely without sale, fully<br />
without any <strong>de</strong>nial, and speedily without <strong>de</strong><strong>la</strong>y, according to the <strong>la</strong>w of the <strong>la</strong>nd.<br />
18. That the trial of facts where they arise is one of the greatest securities of<br />
the lives, liberties, and estate 9 of the people.<br />
19. That in all criminal prosecutions, every man hath a right to be informed of<br />
the accusation against him, to have a copy of the indictment or charge in due time<br />
(if required) to prepare for his <strong>de</strong>fence, to be allowed counsel, to be confronted<br />
with the witnesses against him, to have process for his witnesses, to examine the<br />
witnesses for and against him on oath, and to a speedy trial by an impartial jury,<br />
without whose unanimous consent he ought not to be found guilty.<br />
20. That no man ought to be compelled to give evi<strong>de</strong>nce against himself in a<br />
court of common <strong>la</strong>w, 10 or in any other court, but in such cases as have been usually<br />
practiced in this state, or may hereafter be directed by the legis<strong>la</strong>ture.<br />
21. That no freeman ought to be taken, or imprisoned, or disseised of his freehold,<br />
liberties, or privileges, or out<strong>la</strong>wed, or exiled, or in any manner <strong>de</strong>stroyed,<br />
or <strong>de</strong>prived of his life, liberty, or property, but by the judgment of his peers, or by<br />
the <strong>la</strong>w of the <strong>la</strong>nd.<br />
22. That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed,<br />
nor cruel or unusual punishments inflicted by the courts of <strong>la</strong>w.<br />
23. That all warrants without oath or affirmation, to search suspected p<strong>la</strong>ces,<br />
or to seize any person, or property, are grievous and oppressive; and all general<br />
warrants to search suspected p<strong>la</strong>ces, or to apprehend suspected persons, without<br />
naming or <strong>de</strong>scribing the p<strong>la</strong>ce, or the person in special, are illegal, and ought not<br />
to be granted.<br />
24. That there ought to be no forfeiture of any part of the estate of any person<br />
for any crime, except mur<strong>de</strong>r, or treason against the state, and then only on conviction<br />
and attain<strong>de</strong>r.<br />
25. That a well regu<strong>la</strong>ted militia is the proper and natural <strong>de</strong>fence of a free<br />
government.<br />
26. That standing armies are dangerous to liberty, and ought not to be raised<br />
8. Falta “to” en Jackson, Poore y Thorpe.<br />
9. En Jackson, Poore y Thorpe “estates”.<br />
10. En Poore y Thorpe “common court of <strong>la</strong>w”.<br />
180