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“Juego de Herramientas” - toolkit - Housing and Land Rights Network

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Obtener el apoyo material (recaudar fondos) <strong>de</strong> donantes<br />

privados, públicos e intergubernamentales), con inclusión<br />

<strong>de</strong>l microcrédito102<br />

Planificar / llevar a cabo la reconstrucción103 y mejora<br />

general <strong>de</strong> las condiciones <strong>de</strong> vida (con la colaboración<br />

<strong>de</strong> participantes múltiples)<br />

Reinstalar e incrementar los programas <strong>de</strong> subsidio a la<br />

vivienda para las personas <strong>de</strong> bajos recursos, incluso<br />

mediante reformas tributarias (por ej., la eliminación <strong>de</strong><br />

las reducciones impositivas a los contribuyentes con<br />

mayor po<strong>de</strong>r económico)<br />

Realizar un inventario <strong>de</strong><br />

los recursos financieros y<br />

materiales <strong>de</strong> la comunidad<br />

Realizar análisis <strong>de</strong>l<br />

presupuesto público, <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong><br />

la perspectiva <strong>de</strong> los<br />

<strong>de</strong>rechos a la vivienda104<br />

Desarrollar planes <strong>de</strong><br />

ahorro comunitarios<br />

Desarrollar presupuestos<br />

participativos105<br />

(garantiz<strong>and</strong>o que los<br />

programas y proyectos<br />

necesarios se<br />

presupuesten <strong>de</strong> acuerdo<br />

con las obligaciones sobre<br />

<strong>de</strong>rechos a la vivienda)<br />

Las personas con bajos<br />

recursos <strong>de</strong>stinan un máximo<br />

<strong>de</strong>l 30% <strong>de</strong> sus ingresos<br />

mensuales para acce<strong>de</strong>r a<br />

una vivienda a<strong>de</strong>cuada<br />

Producción social <strong>de</strong>l hábitat:<br />

Mejora comunitaria /<br />

autofinanciada <strong>de</strong> la vivienda<br />

y <strong>de</strong> las condiciones <strong>de</strong> vida<br />

Los presupuestos públicos<br />

cumplen con las obligaciones<br />

<strong>de</strong>l Estado sobre <strong>de</strong>rechos a<br />

la vivienda a fin <strong>de</strong> garantizar<br />

la “realización progresiva”<br />

con el “máximo <strong>de</strong> los<br />

recursos disponibles”<br />

102<br />

Nazrul Islam, Grameen Bank Bangla<strong>de</strong>sh. A credit institution for housing (1996); Jaffer Murtaza, The Tanzania-Bon<strong>de</strong>ni<br />

Community L<strong>and</strong>s Trust (1996).<br />

103<br />

Véase el sitio <strong>de</strong> Internet <strong>de</strong> la Postwar Reconstruction <strong>and</strong> Development Unit <strong>de</strong> la Universidad <strong>de</strong> York, en:<br />

http://www.york.ac.uk/<strong>de</strong>pts/poli/prdu.<br />

104<br />

Ravikant Joshi, A Case for Reform: how municipal budgets can change our cities (Mumbai: YUVA Books, 2001); María<br />

Socorro I. Diokno, “A <strong>Rights</strong>-based Approach towards Budget Analysis" (Washington: International Human <strong>Rights</strong><br />

Internship Program, 1999); Institute for Development Policy Analysis <strong>and</strong> Advocacy—IDPAA (Atiur Rahman et al.),<br />

Alternative Budget Analysis: A Series of Studies on the National Budget for the Perspective of Poverty Eradication [tres<br />

volúmenes: Budget <strong>and</strong> the Poor, The Budget-making Process, People’s Budget: An Alternative Exercise Using<br />

Participatory Tools] (Dhaka: University Press Ltd., 2002).<br />

105<br />

Rebecca Abers, 1998, “From clientelism to cooperation: Local government, participatory policy, <strong>and</strong> civic organizing in<br />

Porto Alegre, Brazil”; Politics <strong>and</strong> Society. 26(4)c 511–37; Rebecca Abers, Inventing Local Democracy: Grassroots<br />

Politics in Brazil (Boul<strong>de</strong>r: Lynne Rynner, 2000); Baierle, Sergio, 1998, “The Explosion of Citizenship: The Emergence of<br />

a New Ethical-Political Principal in Popular Movement in Porto Alegre, Brazil,” en Sonia E. Alvaréz, Evelina Dagnino y<br />

Arturo Escobar, Cultures of Politics/Politics of Cultures: Revisioning Latin America Social Movements (Boul<strong>de</strong>r: Westview<br />

Press, 1998); Sousa Boaventura <strong>de</strong> Santos, “Participatory Budgeting in Porto Alegre: Toward a Redistributive<br />

Democracy.” Politics <strong>and</strong> Society 26(4) (19998), 461-509; Quem é o püblico do Orçamento Participativo: se perfil, porque<br />

participa, e o que pensa do processo (Porto Alegre: Cida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Porto Alegre, 1999); Luciano Fedozzi, Orçamento<br />

Participativo: Reflexões sobre a experiẽncia <strong>de</strong> Porto Alegre (Porto Alegre: Tomo Editorial, 1998); Pedro Jacobi <strong>and</strong><br />

Macro Antonio Carvalho Teixeira, “Orçamento Participativo: co-responsibilida<strong>de</strong> na gestão das cida<strong>de</strong>s,“ São Paulo em<br />

Perspectiva, 10 (3) (1996) 119–28; Brain Wampler, “Orçamento Participativo: Os paradoxos da participaçao e governo no<br />

Recife,” Ca<strong>de</strong>rnos <strong>de</strong> Estudos Sociais, 15(2) (1999), 343–73; Brian Wampler, A Gui<strong>de</strong> to Participatory Budgeting (octubre<br />

<strong>de</strong> 2000). Fuentes <strong>de</strong> Internet: Participatory budget: The Case of Porto Alegre (Brazil) en:<br />

http://www.goethe.<strong>de</strong>/br/poa/buerg/en/framebag.htm (2004);<br />

Banco Mundial: http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/urban/urb_age/porto.htm,<br />

http://www.worldbank.org/wbiep/<strong>de</strong>centralization/Topics13.7.htm, http://www.worldbank.org/participation; Banco<br />

Interamericano <strong>de</strong> Desarrollo: http://www.iadb.org/exr/IDB/stories/2000/eng/JAN00E/c200c1.htm,<br />

http://www.iadb.org/exr/idb/si<strong>de</strong>bars/2000/eng/c200c4.htm; Procedimientos <strong>de</strong> Conferencia sobre Presupuestos<br />

Participativos: http://www.idre.ca/lacro/docs/conferencias/stren.html, http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/~wright/<strong>de</strong>liberative.html,<br />

http://www.pgualc.org.

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