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“Juego de Herramientas” - toolkit - Housing and Land Rights Network

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Realizar análisis <strong>de</strong>l<br />

presupuesto público, <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong><br />

la perspectiva <strong>de</strong> los<br />

<strong>de</strong>rechos a la vivienda554<br />

Desarrollar presupuestos<br />

participativos555<br />

(garantiz<strong>and</strong>o que los<br />

programas y proyectos<br />

necesarios se<br />

presupuesten <strong>de</strong> acuerdo<br />

con las obligaciones sobre<br />

<strong>de</strong>rechos a la vivienda)<br />

Capacitación <strong>de</strong> otros actores (fuera <strong>de</strong> la<br />

comunidad)<br />

Capacitar a los empleados<br />

públicos en materia <strong>de</strong><br />

DHVA (con inclusión <strong>de</strong> las<br />

obligaciones previstas en<br />

tratados internacionales<br />

respecto <strong>de</strong>l Estado y <strong>de</strong><br />

las autorida<strong>de</strong>s locales)<br />

Capacitar a los abogados<br />

en materia <strong>de</strong> DHVA,<br />

(incluidas las obligaciones<br />

<strong>de</strong>l Estado previstas en los<br />

Reformar los criterios <strong>de</strong><br />

planeamiento,<br />

procedimientos y objetivos<br />

<strong>de</strong> planeamiento urbano /<br />

<strong>de</strong> la tierra, a fin <strong>de</strong><br />

armonizarlos con las<br />

necesida<strong>de</strong>s y criterios <strong>de</strong><br />

la comunidad local556<br />

Los argumentos legales,<br />

los juicios y las <strong>de</strong>cisiones<br />

judiciales invocan a las<br />

normas internacionales y a<br />

las obligaciones previstas<br />

Los presupuestos públicos<br />

cumplen con las obligaciones<br />

<strong>de</strong>l Estado sobre <strong>de</strong>rechos a<br />

la vivienda a fin <strong>de</strong> garantizar<br />

la “realización progresiva”<br />

con el “máximo <strong>de</strong> los<br />

recursos disponibles”<br />

El planeamiento físico integra<br />

las obligaciones, el lenguaje y<br />

las priorida<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> los<br />

<strong>de</strong>rechos humanos dirigidos<br />

a las comunida<strong>de</strong>s<br />

necesitadas y vulnerables<br />

Reconocimiento legal <strong>de</strong> los<br />

sistemas jurídicos y <strong>de</strong><br />

tenencia tradicionales, y<br />

otorgamiento <strong>de</strong> títulos<br />

seguros558<br />

554 Ravikant Joshi, A Case for Reform: how municipal budgets can change our cities (Mumbai: YUVA Books, 2001); María<br />

Socorro I. Diokno, “A <strong>Rights</strong>-based Approach towards Budget Analysis" (Washington: International Human <strong>Rights</strong><br />

Internship Program, 1999); Institute for Development Policy Analysis <strong>and</strong> Advocacy—IDPAA (Atiur Rahman et al.),<br />

Alternative Budget Analysis: A Series of Studies on the National Budget for the Perspective of Poverty Eradication [tres<br />

volúmenes: Budget <strong>and</strong> the Poor, The Budget-making Process, People’s Budget: An Alternative Exercise Using<br />

Participatory Tools] (Dhaka: University Press Ltd., 2002).<br />

555 Rebecca Abers, 1998, “From clientelism to cooperation: Local government, participatory policy, <strong>and</strong> civic organizing in<br />

Porto Alegre, Brazil”; Politics <strong>and</strong> Society. 26(4)c 511–37; Rebecca Abers, Inventing Local Democracy: Grassroots<br />

Politics in Brazil (Boul<strong>de</strong>r: Lynne Rynner, 2000); Baierle, Sergio, 1998, “The Explosion of Citizenship: The Emergence of<br />

a New Ethical-Political Principal in Popular Movement in Porto Alegre, Brazil,” en Sonia E. Alvaréz, Evelina Dagnino y<br />

Arturo Escobar, Cultures of Politics/Politics of Cultures: Revisioning Latin America Social Movements (Boul<strong>de</strong>r: Westview<br />

Press, 1998); Sousa Boaventura <strong>de</strong> Santos, “Participatory Budgeting in Porto Alegre: Toward a Redistributive<br />

Democracy.” Politics <strong>and</strong> Society 26(4) (19998), 461-509; Quem é o püblico do Orçamento Participativo: se perfil, porque<br />

participa, e o que pensa do processo (Porto Alegre: Cida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Porto Alegre, 1999); Luciano Fedozzi, Orçamento<br />

Participativo: Reflexões sobre a experiẽncia <strong>de</strong> Porto Alegre (Porto Alegre: Tomo Editorial, 1998); Pedro Jacobi <strong>and</strong><br />

Macro Antonio Carvalho Teixeira, “Orçamento Participativo: co-responsibilida<strong>de</strong> na gestão das cida<strong>de</strong>s,“ São Paulo em<br />

Perspectiva, 10 (3) (1996) 119–28; Brain Wampler, “Orçamento Participativo: Os paradoxos da participaçao e governo no<br />

Recife,” Ca<strong>de</strong>rnos <strong>de</strong> Estudos Sociais, 15(2) (1999), 343–73; Brian Wampler, A Gui<strong>de</strong> to Participatory Budgeting (octubre<br />

<strong>de</strong> 2000). Fuentes <strong>de</strong> Internet: Participatory budget: The Case of Porto Alegre (Brazil) en:<br />

http://www.goethe.<strong>de</strong>/br/poa/buerg/en/framebag.htm (2004);<br />

Banco Mundial: http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/urban/urb_age/porto.htm,<br />

http://www.worldbank.org/wbiep/<strong>de</strong>centralization/Topics13.7.htm, http://www.worldbank.org/participation; Banco<br />

Interamericano <strong>de</strong> Desarrollo: http://www.iadb.org/exr/IDB/stories/2000/eng/JAN00E/c200c1.htm,<br />

http://www.iadb.org/exr/idb/si<strong>de</strong>bars/2000/eng/c200c4.htm; Procedimientos <strong>de</strong> Conferencia sobre Presupuestos<br />

Participativos: http://www.idre.ca/lacro/docs/conferencias/stren.html, http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/~wright/<strong>de</strong>liberative.html,<br />

http://www.pgualc.org.<br />

556 UNCHS, Developing a National Shelter Strategy: Lessons from Four Countries (Nairobi: UNCHS, 1990); OHCHR,<br />

H<strong>and</strong>book on National Human <strong>Rights</strong> Plans of Action (Ginebra: OHCHR, versión revisada en mayo <strong>de</strong> 2001).<br />

557 Shelter <strong>Rights</strong> Initiative, Gen<strong>de</strong>r Specific <strong>Rights</strong> Litigation <strong>and</strong> Protection Strategies (Lagos: SRI, 1998); SRI, Manual<br />

on Judicial Protection of Economic, Social <strong>and</strong> Cultural <strong>Rights</strong> (Lagos: SRI, 2000).

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