TESIS FICOTOXINAS MARINAS EVA FONFRIA

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96 Bibliografía [128] Kharrat, R., Servent, D., Girard, E., Ouanounou, G., Amar, M., Marrouchi, R., Benoit, E. and Molgo, J. (2008) The marine phycotoxin gymnodimine targets muscular and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes with high affinity. J Neurochem 107, 952-963. [129] Miles, C. O., Wilkins, A. L., Stirling, D. J. and MacKenzie, A. L. (2000) New analogue of gymnodimine from a Gymnodinium species. J Agric Food Chem 48, 1373-1376. [130] Miles, C. O., Wilkins, A. L., Stirling, D. J. and MacKenzie, A. L. (2003) Gymnodimine C, an isomer of gymnodimine B, from Karenia selliformis. J Agric Food Chem 51, 4838-4840. [131] Richard, D., Arsenault, E., Cembella, A. and M., Q. (2001) Investigations into the toxicology and pharmacology of spirolides a novel group of shellfish toxins. In Harmful Algal Blooms 2000: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Harmful Algal Blooms. (Hallegraeff, G. M., Blackburn, S. I., Bolch, C. J. and Lewis, R. J., Eds.) pp 383-390, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris. [132] Aasen, J. A., Hardstaff, W., Aune, T. and Quilliam, M. A. (2006) Discovery of fatty acid ester metabolites of spirolide toxins in mussels from Norway using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 20, 1531-1537. [133] Villar Gonzalez, A., Rodriguez-Velasco, M. L., Ben-Gigirey, B. and Botana, L. M. (2006) First evidence of spirolides in Spanish shellfish. Toxicon 48, 1068-1074. [134] Amzil, Z., Sibat, M., Royer, F., Masson, N. and Abadie, E. (2007) Report on the first detection of pectenotoxin-2, spirolide-a and their derivatives in French shellfish. Mar Drugs 5, 168-179. [135] Cembella, A. D., Lewis, N. I. and Quilliam, M. A. (2000) The marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) as the causative organism of spirolide shellfish toxins. Phycologia 39, 67. [136] MacKinnon, S. L., Walter, J. A., Quilliam, M. A., Cembella, A. D., Leblanc, P., Burton, I. W., Hardstaff, W. R. and Lewis, N. I. (2006) Spirolides isolated from Danish strains of the toxigenic dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii. J Nat Prod 69, 983-987.
97 Bibliografía [137] Gribble, K. E., Keafer, B. A., Quilliam, M. A., Cembella, A. D., Kulis, D. M., Manahan, A. and Anderson, D. M. (2005) Distribution and toxicity of Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) in the Gulf of Maine, USA. Deep Sea Res. II 52, 2745-2763. [138] Mackenzie, L. (2004) Production of spirolides by New Zealand isolates of Alexandrium ostenfeldii and some new observations on Heterocapsa spp. in New Zealand., In Proceedings, 21st Marine biotoxin science workshop., New Zealand Food Safety Authority., Wellington, New Zealand. [139] Luckas, B., Dahlmann, J., Erler, K., Gerdts, G., Wasmund, N., Hummert, C. and Hansen, P. D. (2005) Overview of key phytoplankton toxins and their recent occurrence in the North and Baltic Seas. Environ Toxicol 20, 1-17. [140] Hu, T. M., Curtis, J. M., Oshima, Y., Quilliam, M. A., Walter, J. A., Watson- Wright, W. M. and Wright, J. L. C. (1995) Spirolide-B and spirolide-D, two novel macrocycles isolated form the digestive glands of shellfish. J. Chem. Soc. 20, 2159-2161. [141] James, K. J., Bishop, A. G. and Furey, A. (2000) New toxins on the horizon, In Seafood and freswater toxins: pharmacology, physiology and detection (Botana, L. M., Ed.) pp 963-714, Marcel Dekker, New York. [142] Hu, T. M., Curtis, J. M., Walter, J. A. and Wright, J. L. (1996) Characterization of biologically inactive spirolides E and F: identification of the spirolide pharmacophore. Tetrahedron Lett. 37, 7671-7674. [143] Munday, R. (2008) Toxicology of Cyclic Imines: Gymnodimine, Spirolides, Pinnatoxins, Pteriatoxins, Prorocentrolide, Spiro-prorocentrimine and Symbioimines, In Seafood and freshwater toxins: pharmacology, physiology and detection. 2nd edition (Botana, L. M., Ed.) pp 581-594, CRC Press, New York. [144] Gill, S., Murphy, M., Clausen, J., Richard, D., Quilliam, M., MacKinnon, S., LaBlanc, P., Mueller, R. and Pulido, O. (2003) Neural injury biomarkers of novel shellfish toxins, spirolides: a pilot study using immunochemical and transcriptional analysis. Neurotoxicology 24, 593-604. [145] Uemura, D., Chou, T., Haino, T., Nagatsu, A., Fukuzawa, S., Zheng, S. and Chen, H. (1995) Pinnatoxin A: a toxic amphoteric macrocycle from the okinawan bivalve Pinna muricata. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 1155-1156.
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UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTE
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Natalia Vilariño del Río, investi
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AGRADECIMIENTOS Quisiera agradecer
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ABREVIATURAS ADN Ácido desoxirribo
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ÍNDICE
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INTRODUCCIÓN
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2 Introducción ratón. Este métod
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Carbamadas Sulfocarmadas Decarbamad
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Figura 2. Estructura química gener
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Figura 3. Estructura química del
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Figura 4. Estructura química de la
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12 Introducción Gymnodinium sellif
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14 Introducción Existe la hipótes
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Espiro-prorocentrimina 16 Introducc
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18 Introducción dos espines de amb
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Aplicaciones 20 Introducción Los e
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22 Introducción Por encima de un c
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24 Introducción Figura 15. Detecci
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26 Introducción En el campo de la
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28 Introducción y los 100 nl. La I
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2. OBJETIVOS 29 Objetivos Las ficot
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3. PUBLICACIONES 31 Publicaciones E
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33 Publicaciones bungarotoxina marc
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35 Publicaciones
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37 Publicaciones
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39 Publicaciones
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41 Publicaciones
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43 Publicaciones
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Artículo 2. Feasibility of using a
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46 Publicaciones
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48 Publicaciones
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50 Publicaciones
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51 Publicaciones
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53 Publicaciones
Page 83 and 84: 55 Publicaciones
Page 87: Artículo 4. Feasibility of gymnodi
Page 90 and 91: Abstract 60 Publicaciones The detec
Page 92 and 93: 62 Publicaciones problems derived f
Page 94 and 95: 64 Publicaciones added to 40 µl of
Page 96 and 97: 66 Publicaciones range was between
Page 98 and 99: 68 Publicaciones The IC50 values ob
Page 100 and 101: 70 Publicaciones [5] E. Takahashi,
Page 102 and 103: 72 Publicaciones Figure 2. 13-desme
Page 104 and 105: 13-desmethyl C spirolide (nM) Gymno
Page 109 and 110: 4. DISCUSIÓN GENERAL 77 Discusión
Page 111 and 112: 79 Discusión general cruzada con l
Page 113: CONCLUSIONES
Page 119: BIBLIOGRAFÍA
Page 122 and 123: 84 Bibliografía amending Regulatio
Page 124 and 125: 86 Bibliografía [28] Llewellyn, L.
Page 126 and 127: 88 Bibliografía [50] Khan, D., Ahm
Page 128 and 129: 90 Bibliografía [69] Garthwaite, I
Page 130 and 131: 92 Bibliografía [88] Takai, A., Mu
Page 132 and 133: 94 Bibliografía [108] Leira, F., A
Page 136 and 137: 98 Bibliografía [146] Takada, N.,
Page 138 and 139: 100 Bibliografía [169] Nasir, M. S
Page 140: RESUMEN Las ficotoxinas marinas son
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TESIS FICOTOXINAS MARINAS EVA FONFRIA

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