VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN - Acoustics ...

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Sylvia Moosmüller Vowel category Variability Coefficient NoP r: NoP/F1 r: NoP/F2 r: NoP/F3 /ë/ 34.39 0,26 0.43 0.88 /ê/ 21,39 0.57 0.22 0.19 /y/ 48,97 0.26 0.17 0.48 /Y/ 34.19 0.52 0.76 0.52 /u/ 42.30 0.18 0.25 0.06 /ï/ 33,29 0.02 0.28 0.34 /o/ 28.29 0.36 0.11 0.02 /O/ 42.08 0.06 0.23 0.06 /i/ 36.64 0.06 0.45 0.56 /ç/ 31.59 0.36 0.16 0.17 /e/ 33.81 0.27 0.31 0.10 /E/ 34.74 0.07 0.03 0.13 /a/ 32,78 0.49 0.03 0.19 /A/ 29.72 0.56 0.10 0.39 Table 4.9: Variability coefficient of NoP and correlation coefficient r for NoP/F1, F2, and F3 for each vowel. Statistically significant results (p < 0.05) are in bold. Speaker sp012, sentence reading task, stressed position. As becomes evident from Table 4.9, although the variability of NoP within each category is very high (see variability coefficient), the quality of the vowel does not change in dependence of NoP. This resistance to durational changes also becomes clear from the within category variability of the first three formants (see Table 4.10). It can be seen from Table 4.10 that the variability coefficient for each formant is substantially smaller than the variability coefficient for NoP. From these results it can be concluded that in the stressed position, vowel quality is preserved within each vowel category, despite substantial variability in vowel duration. Moreover, it can be concluded that – contrary to the assumption proposed in Jakobson & Halle (1961/2002 3 ) – vowels labeled as “lax” are not mere attenuated variants of their tense counterparts, but autonomous phonemes with separate articulatory settings. 74
Vowel category Variability Coefficient NoP Variability Coefficient F1 75 Vowels in Standard Austrian German Variability Coefficient F2 Variability Coefficient F3 /ë/ 28,71 8,665 5,481 3,877 /ê/ 18,94 5,544 5,278 3,368 /y/ 38,45 9,259 6,331 5,067 /Y/ 30,18 10,548 9,520 5,197 /u/ 31,44 7,689 14,375 7,169 /ï/ 37,75 7,476 16,541 5,887 /o/ 36,73 7,418 10,307 7,387 /O/ 28,04 7,271 10,188 6,662 /i/ 38,04 7,874 4,870 8,512 /ç/ 32,89 8,134 4,815 6,980 /e/ 33,27 7,120 4,411 7,716 /E/ 30,83 6,475 5,513 3,758 /a/ 31,33 9,982 7,788 7,327 /A/ 29,60 9,181 7,064 4,335 Table 4.10: Mean variability coefficients of NoP, F1, F2, and F3 for each vowel category, pooled over six speakers. 4.3. Articulatory investigations on vowels 4.3.1 Articulatory settings for the opposition traditionally termed [± tense] As has been already stated, it is not quite clear which articulatory settings are responsible for the difference in vowel quality for the pairs /i/ – /ç/, /e/ – /E/, /y/ – /Y/, /ë/ – /ê/, /u/ – /ï/, /o/ – /O/, and /A/ – /a/. The vocal tract configuration necessary for the production of a given vowel contrast can be realized in many ways and by many different combinations of individual articulators. The feature [±tense] is probably the most disputed of all features discriminating vowels, since many different articulatory adjustments might cause the above mentioned oppositions and the articulatory adjustments involved are language specific. For example, the feature [±ATR], generally agreed to be of relevance in several African languages, which yields similar oppositions to those caused by [±tense] in Germanic languages, shows different articulatory ad-
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VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN
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Vowels in Standard Austrian German
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1. Introduction: Setting the Theore
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3 Vowels in Standard Austrian Germa
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Hz 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 N
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� Speaker sp127: Student, male, 2
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5.3. Processes vs. Coarticulation 1
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� F3 shows a high variability in
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c(xmin, xmax) 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.0
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6.2. Undershoot vs. Processes 179 V
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Therefore, it can be observed that
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c(xmin, xmax) 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0
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Variability coefficient 40,000 35,0
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6.6.3.4. The vowel /E/ 215 Vowels i
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6.6.3.6. The vowel /u/ 217 Vowels i
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z-score 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,
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Appendix 269 Vowels in Standard Aus
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