VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN - Acoustics ...
VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN - Acoustics ...
VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN - Acoustics ...
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Sylvia Moosmüller<br />
Table of Contents<br />
<strong>VOWELS</strong> <strong>IN</strong> <strong>STANDARD</strong> <strong>AUSTRIAN</strong> <strong>GERMAN</strong> ..................................................................................1<br />
An Acoustic-Phonetic and Phonological Analysis .......................................................................................1<br />
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS............................................................................................................................4<br />
Table of Contents .........................................................................................................................................6<br />
1. Introduction: Setting the Theoretical Framework.....................................................................................1<br />
1.1. The socio-pragmatic foundation of phonology and phonetics...........................................................3<br />
1.2. The phonological system...................................................................................................................9<br />
1.3 Standard Austrian German ...............................................................................................................15<br />
2. Methods and Data...................................................................................................................................18<br />
2.1. Speakers and Material .....................................................................................................................18<br />
2.2. Measurements..................................................................................................................................20<br />
3. Interpretation of formant measurements.................................................................................................29<br />
3.1. The traditional F1/F2 representation ...............................................................................................29<br />
3.2. Constriction locations for vowels: discrete or gradual?...................................................................39<br />
3.3. The acoustic-articulatory relationship .............................................................................................43<br />
4. Vowel inventory and features.................................................................................................................51<br />
4.1. The feature [±tense]: brief historical outline ...................................................................................54<br />
4.2. Temporal Analysis...........................................................................................................................56<br />
4.2.1. Isochrony in Standard German .................................................................................................56<br />
4.2.2. Isochrony in Central Bavarian..................................................................................................59<br />
4.2.3. Isochrony in Standard Austrian German ..................................................................................62<br />
4.2.4. Vowel duration in Standard Austrian German..........................................................................66<br />
4.2.5. Duration and Laxness ...............................................................................................................72<br />
4.3. Articulatory investigations on vowels .............................................................................................75<br />
4.3.1 Articulatory settings for the opposition traditionally termed [± tense]......................................75<br />
4.3.2 The features [± front] and [± high] ............................................................................................82<br />
4.4. Acoustic analysis of the vowels of Standard Austrian German.......................................................85<br />
4.4.1. The pre-palatal vowels..............................................................................................................86<br />
4.4.2. The mid-palatal vowels ............................................................................................................96<br />
4.4.3. The velar vowels.....................................................................................................................106<br />
4.4.4. The upper pharyngeal vowels.................................................................................................109<br />
4.4.5. The lower pharyngeal vowels.................................................................................................112<br />
4.4.6. The role of F0 .........................................................................................................................115<br />
4.4.7. Evaluation of the results .........................................................................................................120<br />
5. Coarticulation .......................................................................................................................................122<br />
5.1. What is coarticulation? ..................................................................................................................122<br />
5.2. Articulatory vs. acoustic observations...........................................................................................136<br />
5.3. Processes vs. Coarticulation ..........................................................................................................147<br />
5.3.1. The vowel /i/...........................................................................................................................150<br />
5.3.2. The vowel /A/..........................................................................................................................159<br />
5.3.3. The vowels /u, o/ ....................................................................................................................166<br />
5.4. Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................170<br />
6. Vowel and Vowel Variability...............................................................................................................172<br />
6.1. Target, invariance, and target undershoot......................................................................................174<br />
6.2. Undershoot vs. Processes ..............................................................................................................179<br />
6.3. Phoneme, allophone, target, and processes ...................................................................................185<br />
6.4. Missed targets................................................................................................................................187<br />
6.2.1 Speech errors ...........................................................................................................................187<br />
6.4.2 Articulatory avoidance ............................................................................................................188