VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN - Acoustics ...

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Sylvia Moosmüller 7. Speaker-specific traits Throughout the analysis on vowels in Standard Austrian German, speaker-specific traits emerged. These especially showed up in the dealing with variation, but speaker-specific traits also occurred in the phonemic representation ([±constricted] vs. [±open]). Therefore, if one wants to look at speaker-specific traits, one has to go into detail. Approaches which pool together all vowels (Grigoras & Nolan 2005) 157 , run the risk of blurring most of the speaker-specific information and might arrive at correspondences where there are none. For example, one-way ANOVA calculated over all stressed vowels of spontaneous speech renders no differences between the three male speakers for F2 (F2,371 = 0.33, p = 0.72). As regards F3, differences show up for speaker sp127, but none between sp012 and sp126. F1 renders no differences between speaker sp012 and sp127, but differences for speaker sp126. Given the fact that in true forensic cases, F1 can hardly ever be mobilised because of the frequency band limitation of the telephone (see Künzel 2001 and Nolan 2002 on the usability of formants in speaker identification), an analysis of the three male speakers would result in a correspondence of speaker sp012 and speaker126. As concerns the female speakers, all three speakers differ for F1, but, again, two speakers (sp129 and sp082) cannot be kept apart with respect to F2 and F3 in spontaneous speech. The situation is slightly better for the unstressed vowels of spontaneous speech. All three male speakers are kept apart via F3. As concerns F2, speakers sp126 and sp127 are differentiated, whilst speaker sp012 is not. The three female speakers are kept apart by F1, F2, and F3. Therefore, as has been pointed out in Moosmüller (2002), based on the theoretical considerations put forward in Dressler (1979), in forensic 157 Grigoras & Nolan (2005) point out themselves that such an analysis has to be extended by an additional detailed analysis. 234
235 Vowels in Standard Austrian German casework, unstressed positions are more reliable than stressed ones. Nevertheless, given the small sample of only six speakers which already renders correspondences where there are none, one should apply such methods with extreme caution. Proceeding to particular vowels in spontaneous speech, the speakers cannot be differentiated either. Figure 7.1 shows the density plot of all stressed /A/ vowels of spontaneous speech. c(xmin, xmax) 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Index Figure 7.1: Density plot of F2 and F3 of the vowel /A/ in stressed position in spontaneous speech. Red: speaker sp012, black: speaker sp126, blue: speaker sp127.
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VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN
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Vowels in Standard Austrian German
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1. Introduction: Setting the Theore
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3 Vowels in Standard Austrian Germa
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11 Vowels in Standard Austrian Germ
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Hz 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 N
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� Speaker sp127: Student, male, 2
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4. Vowel inventory and features 51
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Spontaneous speech Long vowel + len
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Spontaneous speech Long vowel + len
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Height 0 10 20 30 40 u i o ö ü e
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Vowel category Variability Coeffici
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5.3. Processes vs. Coarticulation 1
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� F3 shows a high variability in
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c(xmin, xmax) 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.0
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6.2. Undershoot vs. Processes 179 V
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Page 215 and 216: Variability coefficient 40,000 35,0
Page 223 and 224: 6.6.3.4. The vowel /E/ 215 Vowels i
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Page 239 and 240: z-score 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,
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