VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN - Acoustics ...

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Sylvia Moosmüller z-score 4,00 3,50 3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 0,00 Sp180 Sp129 Sp082 Sp012 Sp126 Sp127 F1 0,26 0,65 0,23 0,00 0,56 0,37 F2 0,83 0,32 0,61 0,88 0,25 1,32 F3 3,80 0,04 0,47 0,76 0,49 0,32 Figure 6.19: Z-deviation F1, F2, and F3 of the vowel /E/ from “vergessen” (to forget) in postfocal position from the vowel /E/ from “vergessen” in a default stress position, sentence reading task. For each speaker, n = 4. With z ≥ 1.5 no correspondence of the respective formant is given any more. The values have been root squared to facilitate reading. Sp = speaker. z-score 8,00 7,00 6,00 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,00 Sp180 Sp129 Sp082 Sp012 Sp126 Sp127 F1 1,19 0,60 3,09 0,79 2,32 2,63 F2 1,74 2,72 3,08 0,64 5,23 3,11 F3 2,55 0,41 6,87 0,29 1,96 1,84 Figure 6.20: Z-deviation F1, F2, and F3 of the vowel /i/ from “diesen” (these: DEM: DAT: PL) holding the second position before the noun from the vowel /i/ from “dieser” (this: DEM: NOM: SG) standing directly before the noun, sentence reading task. For each speaker, n = 4. Explanation as in Figure 6.19. 222
223 Vowels in Standard Austrian German In this case, only one speaker (sp012) makes no difference between the two positions. All the other speakers differentiate either one formant (sp129), two formants (sp180), or all three formants (sp082, sp126, sp127). The direction of the change is in accordance with the results on intensity presented in Heldner (2003): the vowel of /dis/ directly preceding the noun shows a higher F1 and a lower F2 and F3. From an articulatory point of view, the degree of mouth opening and the degree of constriction (tongue- palate distance) are enlarged, whilst the length of constriction is possibly shortened. 6.6.5 The rhythm of speech The above examples vividly show that a) relative sentence stress affects the spectral shape of the vowels and b) the realization of relative sentence stress is highly speaker dependent. The reason for the existence of such graded differences lies in the inherent rhythmic behaviour of speech which requires a succession of foregrounding and backgrounding. Sentence stress finds its expression only in relation to the other entities in a sentence or an utterance. Therefore, it is strongly connected to the rhythm of speech or, to put it more explicitly, the relative stress levels assigned to phonemes, syllables, and words, which make up what is perceived as a rhythmic behaviour in the so-called stress-timed languages. Rhythm is generally highly connected with timing; with ideal beat intervals of about 300 ms to 400 ms (Schreuder 2006: 101). In so-called stress-timed languages, these intervals are supposed to stay equally long regardless of the amount of unstressed syllables in between. This assumption has triggered a further, implicit hypothesis, namely that the degree of reduction imposed on unstressed syllables depends on the amount of unstressed syllables between two stresses. The isochrony hypothesis was never confirmed, leading to other – statistical – methods to classify languages (see e.g. Low & Grabe 1995, Low et al. 2000, Grabe & Low 2002, Ramus et al. 1999, Ramus 2002, Galves et al. 2002, Rouas et al. 2005, see Cummins 2002, Wagner 2002 for a
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VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN
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Vowels in Standard Austrian German
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1. Introduction: Setting the Theore
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3 Vowels in Standard Austrian Germa
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11 Vowels in Standard Austrian Germ
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Hz 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 N
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� Speaker sp127: Student, male, 2
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4. Vowel inventory and features 51
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Spontaneous speech Long vowel + len
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Spontaneous speech Long vowel + len
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Height 0 10 20 30 40 u i o ö ü e
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Vowel category Variability Coeffici
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5.3. Processes vs. Coarticulation 1
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� F3 shows a high variability in
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c(xmin, xmax) 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.0
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Page 201 and 202: Therefore, it can be observed that
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Page 215 and 216: Variability coefficient 40,000 35,0
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Page 225 and 226: 6.6.3.6. The vowel /u/ 217 Vowels i
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VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN - Acoustics ...

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