VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN - Acoustics ...

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Sylvia Moosmüller prosodic positions or in interactional situations which demand a small degree of figure- ground contrast. Therefore, it is justifiable to assume that a phoneme corresponds to the pronunciation in a highly formal setting in stressed position (e.g. a reading task). Since, within this framework, the phonetic output is guided by the demands of the interactional situation, the phoneme is to be defined perceptually via the acoustic parameters with conclusions to be drawn on articulation, if possible. Since different articulatory configurations might result in identical or nearly identical acoustic outputs, it is the acoustic output that counts in an interactional situation, and not the articulatory configuration behind it. Given the high variability dependant on the interactional situation together with the required figure-ground contrast, the phonological process is of high relevance for the analysis of a given phonetic output. Only the phonological process ensures an unambiguous trace back of a phonetic output to its underlying representation. Figure 1.1 gives an F1, F2, F3 plot over time of two examples of the vowel /e/, one in a strong prosodic position, the other one in a weak prosodic position, and one example of the vowel /E/, in strong position. The F2 of the unstressed /e/ has more resemblance with the F2 of the stressed /E/ than with the stressed /e/, the mental representative of the unstressed /e/. The F1 correctly goes with the stressed /e/, whilst the F3 shows hardly any differences between the three examples. Models which deny phonological processes (e.g. Keating 1990) face a confusing situation: does this unstressed vowel belong to /e/ (correspondence of F1) or to /E/ (correspondence of F2)? However, both speakers and listeners know that in the unstressed position, the constriction degree is widened and the constriction length is shortened for /e/, leading to a lowering of F2, whereas the degree of lip opening is not changed. Therefore, due to the phonological process, both speaker and listener will unambiguously trace the unstressed vowel back to its phoneme /e/. 14
Hz 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Number of frames/time 15 Vowels in Standard Austrian German Figure 1.1: Spectral change over time of F1, F2, and F3 of the vowel /e/ from the token “Beet” (patch), blue lines, the vowel /e/ of the token “Bedeutung” (importance), turquoise lines, and the vowel /E/ of the token “besser” (better), red lines. Speaker sp127, sentence reading task. No time alignment has been performed. 1.3 Standard Austrian German Standard Austrian German is, in the same way as any standard language, both a regional and social variety, which is, contrary to the other varieties of a given speech community, accepted by the majority of the members of the speech community to function as the standard language. Standard languages are the result of political unification processes (Barbour & Stevens 1990) and depend to a larger extent on political borders than on dialect borders (Reiffenstein 1983). Therefore, standard language’s function is to separate a given language from other languages (across borders) and to unify the varieties of a given language within borders (Dittmar 1997) 22 . 22 Dittmar (1997) also names prestige and reference for correctness as functions of a standard language.
Page 1 and 2: VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN
Page 3 and 4: Vowels in Standard Austrian German
Page 9 and 10: 1. Introduction: Setting the Theore
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Page 27 and 28: � Speaker sp127: Student, male, 2
Page 59 and 60: 4. Vowel inventory and features 51
Page 69 and 70: Spontaneous speech Long vowel + len
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Spontaneous speech Long vowel + len
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67 Vowels in Standard Austrian Germ
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Height 0 10 20 30 40 u i o ö ü e
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Vowel category Variability Coeffici
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5.3. Processes vs. Coarticulation 1
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� F3 shows a high variability in
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c(xmin, xmax) 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.0
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6.2. Undershoot vs. Processes 179 V
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Therefore, it can be observed that
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c(xmin, xmax) 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0
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Variability coefficient 40,000 35,0
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6.6.3.4. The vowel /E/ 215 Vowels i
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6.6.3.6. The vowel /u/ 217 Vowels i
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z-score 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,
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Appendix 269 Vowels in Standard Aus
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