VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN - Acoustics ...

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Sylvia Moosmüller that more information is given by finely tuning several levels of stressed positions. The weakest prosodic positions are not differentiated that much (see 6.6.3). “Now in languages with “phonemic stress” ( ≈ stress-timed languages) synchronic obscuration processes are maximized in unstressed syllables (and syllable-finally), clarification processes are maximized in stressed syllables (and word-initially), thus allowing more sounds in stressed than in unstressed syllables.” (Dressler 1979: 268). 6.6. Prosodic analysis of variability In 6.5, it has been argued that identical context and identical sentence/utterance position of a given segment bears some invariance, insofar as the quality of a given segment experiences less variability than phonologically identical segments in different sentence/utterance positions. So far, little has been said about the quality of the changes and why they occur. 6.6.1. Duration There is general agreement that prosodic strength is responsible for the qualitative changes of phonologically identical segments. Phonemes in stressed positions are articulated differently from the same phonemes in unstressed positions. Since unstressed positions experience durational shortenings as well 131 , the changes observed in unstressed positions are usually termed “reduction”. As compared to stressed positions, unstressed positions are shorter in Standard Austrian German. Figure 6.8 shows the distribution of the durations, measured in number of periods (NoP), for all stressed and unstressed vowels in the sentence reading task of speaker sp082: 131 Crystal & House (1988a) found a difference of more than 60 ms for stressed vs. unstressed vowels in American English. However, Podevsa & Adisasmito-Smith (1999) observed longer durations in unstressed positions for two speakers of Buginese, which they attributed to final lengthening. 198
c(xmin, xmax) 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 199 Vowels in Standard Austrian German 0 10 20 30 40 50 Index x x mean 1 = 18 median 17 NoP sd 6 NoP mean 2 = 11 median 10 NoP sd 5 NoP Figure 6.8: Density plot of the duration measurements (in NoP) of all vowels (n = 737) in stressed (red) and unstressed (black) position of the sentence reading task, speaker sp082. The results are statistically significant and hold for all speakers in both speaking tasks. Table 6.8 gives an overview of the mean NoP values and the statistical results of the one-tailed t-tests:
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VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN
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Vowels in Standard Austrian German
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1. Introduction: Setting the Theore
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3 Vowels in Standard Austrian Germa
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11 Vowels in Standard Austrian Germ
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Hz 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 N
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� Speaker sp127: Student, male, 2
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4. Vowel inventory and features 51
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Spontaneous speech Long vowel + len
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Spontaneous speech Long vowel + len
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Height 0 10 20 30 40 u i o ö ü e
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Vowel category Variability Coeffici
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Appendix 269 Vowels in Standard Aus
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