VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN - Acoustics ...

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Sylvia Moosmüller Figure 6.5: Spectrogram of the word „ntene“ (I have), spontaneous speech, language: Crioulo, Guinea Bissau, male speaker. Bottom panel: waveform window, next panel from bottom: segment names, 3 rd panel from bottom: phonetic transcription, 4 th panel from bottom: spectrogram, left upper panel: waveform zoom window, right upper panel: amplitude spectrum window. Figure 6.5 exposes the most reduced form of „ntene“ found in the spontaneous speech of this speaker. Even in the most reduced form, the personal pronoun /n/ “n” (I) is articulated and the plosive is not deleted, not even fricated. Since Crioulo verb conjugation lacks personal agreement, the personal pronoun carries highly relevant information and is not supposed to be easily deleted, even in very reduced forms 126 . The other, less reduced forms of “ntene”, uttered in spontaneous speech, expose a clearer formant structure, a clearer closure phase, which is voiced, and a fortis plosive. One item even shows multiple releases. 126 There are of course languages which have only non-obligatory constituents, such as Tibetan (Vollmann 2005). 192
Therefore, it can be observed that 193 Vowels in Standard Austrian German � in spontaneous speech, the speaker exhibits a higher articulatory precision with respect to clear cut segment boundaries, � in repeating utterances, the speaker exhibits the highest precision when it can be assumed that attention is already lower. � Moreover, the first two items of “ntene”, produced in the repeating sentence task, display the application of processes which are not allowed in the spontaneous speech of the language (deletion of /n#t/ and /n#/). Process application takes place contrary to phonological, socio-, and psycho- phonological observations: in the most formal task, the repeating sentences task, the speaker applies more reduction processes than in the less formal task (spontaneous speech). He applies more reduction processes when attention is high as compared to a situation when attention is already low. It is especially the lack of consistency in the production of the utterances which points to articulatory avoidance. Since the target is very imprecisely defined as “only depart from the neutral vocal tract configuration as much as is absolutely necessary to give the impression of a properly pronounced segment”, such an imprecisely defined target is constantly missed. This results in inconsistent and arbitrary application and suppression of phonological and phonetic processes, which are in the discussed example: � deletion of segments which are not allowed to be deleted in the language and � indefinable vowel quality in the first item. The discussed cases of undershoot show that undershoot is not something that happens unnoticed in “normal” speech production, but that it is perceived both by the speaker and by the listener. There are many more cases where undershoot can happen to a speaker (extreme tiredness, unattentiveness, drunkenness or being under the influence of
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VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN
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Vowels in Standard Austrian German
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1. Introduction: Setting the Theore
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3 Vowels in Standard Austrian Germa
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11 Vowels in Standard Austrian Germ
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Hz 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 N
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� Speaker sp127: Student, male, 2
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4. Vowel inventory and features 51
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Spontaneous speech Long vowel + len
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Spontaneous speech Long vowel + len
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Height 0 10 20 30 40 u i o ö ü e
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Vowel category Variability Coeffici
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Page 215 and 216: Variability coefficient 40,000 35,0
Page 223 and 224: 6.6.3.4. The vowel /E/ 215 Vowels i
Page 225 and 226: 6.6.3.6. The vowel /u/ 217 Vowels i
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Appendix 269 Vowels in Standard Aus
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