VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN - Acoustics ...

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Sylvia Moosmüller (“de-“) and the vowel /ç/ (“dich”) reveals the undershoot. Therefore, a speaker immediately notices an articulatory and/or an acoustic undershoot and corrects this failure. Figure 6.3: Spectrogram of the sequence /fyr dçÅ/ “für dich” (for you), speaker sp012. Cursors positioned at vowel midpoint, respective values of formant frequencies can be read from the panel below. Bottom panel: waveform window, next panel from bottom: phonetic transcription 123 , 3 rd panel from bottom: spectrogram window, left upper panel: waveform zoom window, right upper panel: amplitude spectrum window. 6.4.2 Articulatory avoidance In speaker identification, reference voices of a speaker have to be recorded, in order to be able to compare two speakers. In this situation, some speakers might become very inventive in how to disguise their natural speaking mode. One strategy is to avoid articulation. This avoidance of articulation can be discerned from casual speech insofar, 123 After the undershoot, the speaker makes a break. Therefore, the start of the closure for the subsequent plosive cannot be made out. The left boundary of the /d/ in the transcription line is, therefore, not meant to mark the start of the closure phase. 188
189 Vowels in Standard Austrian German as the output in the first case is inconsistent. The reason for this inconsistency lies in the fact that the speaker deliberately tries to change the plan: the output target is to depart from a neutral vocal tract configuration only as much as is absolutely necessary a) that the utterance is understood and b) that the listener(s) do not notice. This is an extremely difficult task and requires high attention. Therefore, a quick way to find out whether articulatory avoidance has been performed is to compare the beginning (high attention) and the end (low attention) of the recording. In the case where the speaker articulates with higher precision and more phonological and phonetic consistency at end of the session 124 , i.e. when he or she is already tired and inattentive, articulatory avoidance can be assumed. Since attention is higher at the beginning of a recording session, under normal conditions less backgrounding processes are applied at the beginning (Vanecek & Dressler 1977, Moosmüller 1997d) as compared to the end of a recording session. It has already been stated that in articulatory avoidance, the intended output target is the neutral vocal tract configuration. This is also performed by some speakers. The result is no change in the articulatory configuration as the speaker moves from phoneme to phoneme, and, consequently, there is also no change in formant frequencies over time. Changes in time can only be observed for the fundamental frequency. What is left is a sort of singsong which is thought to denote the sentence. Not to articulate at all is of course a very salient method when it is one’s aim to avoid articulation. It is rather unwise to expose no articulation at all, because this is of course immediately revealed by the listener. Therefore, a wiser strategy is to show some articulation, as in the performance of a speaker of Portuguese based Crioulo, as spoken in Guinea Bissau. The speaker is asked to repeat a list of sentences, and the list is read to him four times. So, a certain timespan has passed till he hears sentence 1 again. Figures 6.4 shows the spectrogram of the four utterances of the word “ntene” (I have) from the sequence “ntene centu i cincu” (I have hundred and five) from the four 124 This holds only if the speaker does not know the end of the session. If he or she does, attention increases again at the end (Vanecek & Dressler 1977).
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VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN
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Vowels in Standard Austrian German
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1. Introduction: Setting the Theore
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Hz 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 N
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� Speaker sp127: Student, male, 2
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4. Vowel inventory and features 51
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Spontaneous speech Long vowel + len
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Spontaneous speech Long vowel + len
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Height 0 10 20 30 40 u i o ö ü e
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Vowel category Variability Coeffici
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Appendix 269 Vowels in Standard Aus
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